“…In the past, the homogenized Reynold's equation was used to study surface roughness and texture effects in conformal contacts (Bayada et al, 2005;Sahlin et al, 2010;Rom et al, 2021). Recently, the method has been employed in non-conformal contacts to study micro-EHL, and for the predicting the coefficient of friction in the ML regime (Hugo et al, 2019;Hansen et al, 2020;Hansen et al, 2023). A well-known challenge with the homogenization method is the fact that real engineered rough surfaces typically are not truly periodic, hence the employment of periodic boundary conditions is challenging, and an alternative approach is needed (Almqvist and Dasht, 2006).…”