A homogeneous relaxation flow model for the full bore rupture of dense phase CO2 pipelines

An integrated, multi-scale modelling approach for the simulation of multiphase dispersion from accidental CO2 pipeline releases in realistic terrain

“…that they move at the same velocity. In the HRM, the mass, momentum, energy and vapour quality conservation equations are respectively given by (Brown et al, 2013):…”

“…Secondly, this solution is updated by solving a system of ordinary differential equations incorporating the expressions on the right-hand-side of equations (1) to (4). Full details of the algorithm are described in Brown et al (2013).…”

A geometrically based grid refinement technique for multiphase flows

“…Examples include study of cavitation in automotive fuel systems (Martynov et al, 2006), flash boiling of water during loss-of-coolant accidents in nuclear reactors (Nigmatulin and Soplenkov, 1994) and liquid boiling and expansion in refrigeration systems and heat pumps (Simões- Moreira and Bullard, 2003). In the particular context of Carbon Capture and Storage, the focus of such models has been on the flows resulting from pipeline decompression and failure (Brown et al, 2013b;Mahgerefteh et al, 2012;Munkejord et al, 2010).…”

Further development and validation of CO 2 FOAM for the atmospheric dispersion of accidental releases from carbon dioxide pipelines

“…no phase slip, is retained. However, non-equilibrium 214 liquid-vapour transition is accounted for by a relaxation to thermodynamic equilibrium following 215 Downar-Zapolski et al, (1996) and Brown et al, (2013). The choice of the time constant for the HRM 216 also follows that of Brown et al (2013).…”

“…However, non-equilibrium 214 liquid-vapour transition is accounted for by a relaxation to thermodynamic equilibrium following 215 Downar-Zapolski et al, (1996) and Brown et al, (2013). The choice of the time constant for the HRM 216 also follows that of Brown et al (2013). Although the pressure is lower than the CO 2 triple point 217 pressure at the immediate vicinity of the release point, the framework assigned to Warwick team is the 218 atmospheric dispersion away from the three-phase, quickly expanding stages in the near proximity of 219 the release from the pipeline.…”