A holistic perspective on herpes simplex virus (HSV) ecology and evolution

Rathbun, Molly M.; Szpara, Moriah L.

doi:10.1016/bs.aivir.2021.05.001

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…We hypothesize that transient viral genetic diversity may be localized to specific areas within each shedding episode, perhaps influenced by localized CD4+ T cell populations [ 34 – 36 ]. The expanding viral population of each shedding episode may also change in relation to the amount of within-host diversity initially seeded in the ganglia, and subsequent variability generated during reactivation [ 12 , 37 , 38 ]. It would be ideal to study additional transmission pairs to explore how these factors may affect consensus genome diversity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior studies using less sequence coverage depth and/or culturing viruses before sequencing, may have led to a reduced detection of within-host viral genetic diversity [ 5 , 7 , 16 , 23 , 28 , 30 ]. The pairing of direct-from-participant (uncultured) specimens collected from localized anatomical areas with deep sequencing, will be critical to decipher viral differences between lesion and non-lesion sites, and other potential correlates of specific viral genotypes [ 12 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors proposed that high genetic diversity could reflect multiple lineages of genomes undergoing recombination [ 9 ]. Such cases may be difficult to detect if recombination has shifted MV frequencies and altered the composition of the viral genome population [ 9 , 12 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, each infection harbors a population of viruses with genomes that may harbor minor variants (MVs), or alternative alleles which differ from the consensus genome [ 5 – 9 ]. This within-host or within-infection diversity is also known as standing variation [ 11 , 12 , 29 ]. Population dynamics, such as population bottlenecks and expansions, can impact within-host genetic diversity by enabling rapid shifts in MV frequency [ 11 , 12 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This within-host or within-infection diversity is also known as standing variation [ 11 , 12 , 29 ]. Population dynamics, such as population bottlenecks and expansions, can impact within-host genetic diversity by enabling rapid shifts in MV frequency [ 11 , 12 , 29 ]. The number of MVs detected within individual infections with either oral or genital HSV-1 has varied from a range of less than five to greater than 300 MVs within a single viral sample [ 5 – 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of herpes simplex virus 1 genomic diversity between adult sexual transmission partners with genital infection

et al. 2022

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Herpes simplex virus (HSV) causes chronic infection in the human host, characterized by self-limited episodes of mucosal shedding and lesional disease, with latent infection of neuronal ganglia. The epidemiology of genital herpes has undergone a significant transformation over the past two decades, with the emergence of HSV-1 as a leading cause of first-episode genital herpes in many countries. Though dsDNA viruses are not expected to mutate quickly, it is not yet known to what degree the HSV-1 viral population in a natural host adapts over time, or how often viral population variants are transmitted between hosts. This study provides a comparative genomics analysis for 33 temporally-sampled oral and genital HSV-1 genomes derived from five adult sexual transmission pairs. We found that transmission pairs harbored consensus-level viral genomes with near-complete conservation of nucleotide identity. Examination of within-host minor variants in the viral population revealed both shared and unique patterns of genetic diversity between partners, and between anatomical niches. Additionally, genetic drift was detected from spatiotemporally separated samples in as little as three days. These data expand our prior understanding of the complex interaction between HSV-1 genomics and population dynamics after transmission to new infected persons.

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