A hit-and-miss investigation of asymmetries in wheelchair navigation

Nicholls, Michael E. R.; Hadgraft, Nyssa; Chapman, Heidi; Loftus, Andrea M.; Robertson, Joanne; Bradshaw, John L.

doi:10.3758/app.72.6.1576

Cited by 27 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(92 reference statements)

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“…A bias towards rightward collisions has been observed under laboratory conditions when participants walk through a narrow doorway [22], [23]. This asymmetry in collisions is not limited to ambulatory tasks and has also been found for the operation of electric wheelchairs [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Roberts and Turnbull [25] observed an association between line bisection and deviation in putting. While an association between different measures of attentional asymmetry is sometimes observed [23], a number of studies have found no effect [24], [27]. The association between the two-goal kicking and pointing data were examined with a correlational analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Miss to the Right: The Effect of Attentional Asymmetries on Goal-Kicking

2010

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Cerebral asymmetries for spatial attention generate a bias of attention – causing lines to be bisected to the left or right in near (within reach) and far (outside reach) space, respectively. This study explored whether the rightward deviation for bisecting lines in far space extends to tasks where a ball is aimed between two goal-posts. Kicking was assessed in a laboratory and a real-life setting. In the laboratory setting, 212 participants carried out three conditions: (a) kick a soccer ball at a single goal post, (b) kick a soccer ball between two goal posts and (c) use a stick to indicate the middle between two goal posts. The goals were placed at a distance of 4.0 m. There was no deviation in the one-goal kicking condition – demonstrating that no asymmetries exist in the perceptual motor system when aiming at a single point. When kicking or pointing at the middle between two goal posts, rightward deviations were observed. In the real-world setting, the number of misses to the left or right of goal (behinds) in the Australian Rules football for the 2005–2009 seasons was assessed. The data showed more rightward deviations for kicks at goal. Combined, the studies suggest that the rightward deviation for lines placed in far space extends to the kicking of a football in laboratory and real-life settings. This asymmetry in kicking builds on a body of research showing that attentional asymmetries impact everyday activities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miss to the Right: The Effect of Attentional Asymmetries on Goal-Kicking

2010

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“…The deviation was due to the shoulder rotation itself and the lateral sway of the body while walking [2]. The deviation was also due to lateralized spatial attention when approaching and crossing an aperture, which could cause deviation of the body midline toward the opposite of the attended side [2], [16], [20], [21]. It seemed likely that a relatively large safety margin (about 6–10 cm, Figure 3) was created so that such body deviation was taken into account.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such a functional relationship was observed even when participants were tested in a virtual reality [8], when running through apertures [4], or when older adults were tested [11]. Furthermore, other gait and posture modifications when navigating through apertures, such as changes in speed [2], [12], [13], [14] or the magnitude of deviation of the body-midline from the center of the apertures [2], [15], [16], were also well proportioned to the ratio value. These findings lead researchers to a general understanding that the perception of the ratio value be important to control gait and posture for navigating through apertures [1], [2], [6], [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Rule for Scaling Shoulder Rotation Angles while Walking through Apertures

2012

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BackgroundWhen an individual is trying to fit into a narrow aperture, the amplitude of shoulder rotations in the yaw dimension is well proportioned to the relative aperture width to body width (referred to as the critical ratio value). Based on this fact, it is generally considered that the central nervous system (CNS) determines the amplitudes of shoulder rotations in response to the ratio value. The present study was designed to determine whether the CNS follows another rule in which a minimal spatial margin is created at the aperture passage; this rule is beneficial particularly when spatial requirements for passage (i.e., the minimum passable width) become wider than the body with an external object.Methodology/Principal FindingsEight young participants walked through narrow apertures of three widths (ratio value = 0.9, 1.0, and 1.1) while holding one of three horizontal bars (short, 1.5 and 2.5 times the body width). The results showed that the amplitude of rotation angles became smaller for the respective ratio value as the bar increased in length. This was clearly inconsistent with the general hypothesis that predicted the same rotation angles for the same ratio value. Instead, the results were better explained with a new hypothesis which predicted that a smaller rotation angle was sufficient to produce a constant spatial margin as the bar-length increased in length.ConclusionThe results show that, at least under safe circumstances, the CNS is likely to determine the amplitudes of shoulder rotations to ensure the minimal spatial margin being created at one side of the body at the time of crossing. This was new in that the aperture width subtracted from the width of the body (plus object) was taken into account for the visuomotor control of locomotion through apertures.

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“…Not only scaling body rotation angles but also other locomotor modifications when navigating through openings, such as changes in speed (Higuchi et al, 2006a; Cinelli et al, 2008; Cowie et al, 2010; Fajen and Matthis, 2011) or the magnitude of deviation of the body midline from the center of the apertures (Higuchi et al, 2006a; Nicholls et al, 2010; Fujikake et al, 2011), were also well proportioned to this critical ratio value. These findings lead researchers to a general understanding that the perception of the ratio value be important to control gait and posture for navigating through apertures (Warren and Whang, 1987; Wagman and Taylor, 2005; Higuchi et al, 2006a; Fajen and Matthis, 2011).…”

Section: Perception Of Environment In Relation To Action Capabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visuomotor Control of Human Adaptive Locomotion: Understanding the Anticipatory Nature

Higuchi¹

2013

Front. Psychol.

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To maintain balance during locomotion, the central nervous system (CNS) accommodates changes in the constraints of spatial environment (e.g., existence of an obstacle or changes in the surface properties). Locomotion while modifying the basic movement patterns in response to such constraints is referred to as adaptive locomotion. The most powerful means of ensuring balance during adaptive locomotion is to visually perceive the environmental properties at a distance and modify the movement patterns in an anticipatory manner to avoid perturbation altogether. For this reason, visuomotor control of adaptive locomotion is characterized, at least in part, by its anticipatory nature. The purpose of the present article is to review the relevant studies which revealed the anticipatory nature of the visuomotor control of adaptive locomotion. The anticipatory locomotor adjustments for stationary and changeable environment, as well as the spatio-temporal patterns of gaze behavior to support the anticipatory locomotor adjustments are described. Such description will clearly show that anticipatory locomotor adjustments are initiated when an object of interest (e.g., a goal or obstacle) still exists in far space. This review also show that, as a prerequisite of anticipatory locomotor adjustments, environmental properties are accurately perceived from a distance in relation to individual’s action capabilities.

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A hit-and-miss investigation of asymmetries in wheelchair navigation

Cited by 27 publications

References 59 publications

Miss to the Right: The Effect of Attentional Asymmetries on Goal-Kicking

Miss to the Right: The Effect of Attentional Asymmetries on Goal-Kicking

Rule for Scaling Shoulder Rotation Angles while Walking through Apertures

Visuomotor Control of Human Adaptive Locomotion: Understanding the Anticipatory Nature

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