A history of the Van de Graaff generator

Furfari, F.A.

doi:10.1109/mia.2005.1380320

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…[1] As the world is marching into the era of the internet of things (IoTs) and artificial intelligence, the most vital development for hardware is a multifunctional array of sensing systems, which forms the foundation of the fourth industrial revolution toward an intelligent world. It is generally regarded as a negative effect in industry given that the electrostatic charges induced from it can lead to ignition, dust explosions, dielectric breakdown, electronic damage, etc.…”

Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is generally regarded as a negative effect in industry given that the electrostatic charges induced from it can lead to ignition, dust explosions, dielectric breakdown, electronic damage, etc. From an energy point of view, those electrostatic charges constitute a capacitive energy device when the two triboelectric surfaces are separated, which led to the invention of early electrostatic generators such as the “friction machine” and Van de Graaff generator . By coupling this triboelectric effect and electrostatic induction, the TENG was first invented by the Wang group in 2012 ( Figure 1 a) to effectively harness ambient mechanical energy that is ubiquitous but usually wasted in our everyday life .…”

Section: Introduction Of the Triboelectric Nanogenerator (Teng)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Triboelectric Nanogenerator: A Foundation of the Energy for the New Era

Wang

Ding

et al. 2018

Advanced Energy Materials

1,317

884

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As the world is marching into the era of the internet of things (IoTs) and artificial intelligence, the most vital development for hardware is a multifunctional array of sensing systems, which forms the foundation of the fourth industrial revolution toward an intelligent world. Given the need for mobility of these multitudes of sensors, the success of the IoTs calls for distributed energy sources, which can be provided by solar, thermal, wind, and mechanical triggering/vibrations. The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) for mechanical energy harvesting developed by Z.L. Wang's group is one of the best choices for this energy for the new era, since triboelectrification is a universal and ubiquitous effect with an abundant choice of materials. The development of self‐powered active sensors enabled by TENGs is revolutionary compared to externally powered passive sensors, similar to the advance from wired to wireless communication. In this paper, the fundamental theory, experiments, and applications of TENGs are reviewed as a foundation of the energy for the new era with four major application fields: micro/nano power sources, self‐powered sensors, large‐scale blue energy, and direct high‐voltage power sources. A roadmap is proposed for the research and commercialization of TENG in the next 10 years.

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Section: Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction Of the Triboelectric Nanogenerator (Teng)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Triboelectric Nanogenerator: A Foundation of the Energy for the New Era

Wang

Ding

et al. 2018

Advanced Energy Materials

1,317

884

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“…Generators were further advanced in the 19th century and one of the most important machine capable of producing high‐voltage was the Van de Graaff generator depicted in Figure (b). This was invented in 1929, and was based on the contact between an insulating belt pulled between two rollers of different materials, one of which surrounded by a hollow metal sphere. Van de Graaff generators work by combining triboelectric chargers formed by contact of dissimilar materials with electrostatic induction used to magnify the produced charges.…”

Section: Polymer‐based Ngsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer nanogenerators: Opportunities and challenges for large‐scale applications

Wang

Pisignano

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Technologies for energy harvesting from objects in motion are gaining a continuously increasing interest to directly power wearable electronics, sensors, and wireless transmitters. New networks where things will be uniquely identified and interconnected will require key enabling technologies, particularly cheap, flexible generators of renewable energy, conformable to any solid surface, to power independently individual objects and data transmission. Polymer-based nanogenerators (PNGs), capable of converting mechanical energy into electricity, have exact features to fulfill these requirements. This article highlights advances in PNGs with focus on material chemistries and geometrical features, device design strategies, and performances. Representative examples of applications which show large-scale capability are reported. Concluding sections summarize the key challenges and the commercialization perspectives of PNGs for use in real life applications.

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“…The highly stored electrostatic charge of PP winding roll can result in severe shocks, which can be a risk to automated machines and operators that touch and unload the wound rolls for the next operation; this includes potentially severe damage to the web forming quality [1,3,16]. Similar to a Van de Graaff generator [10,17], the electrostatics associated with the PPbased RtR manufacturing can be usually attributed to the tribocharging and triboelectric effect because two chemically distinct materials of the PP web and the conveyance roller element surface contact each other. Subsequently, they are separated, causing imbalanced charge distribution with respect to each material on the microscopic scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Induced Localized Electric-Field-Enhanced Electrostatic Electron Emission in Polypropylene Surface-Based Roll-to-Roll Manufacturing

2020

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The roll-to-roll (RtR) Manufacturing can produce a large amount of electrostatic charges. In terms of industrial safety, a large amount of energy can be released via electrostatic discharge (ESD) that can cause severe shocks, which can be a risk to automated machines, operators, and merchandise. In this study, the ESD associated with the existing nonwoven Polypropylene (PP) manufacturing is minimized by designing and introducing a sharp-edge metal bar with a radius of curvature of ~100 µm as a passive electrostatic charge dissipation system next to the PP winding stock roll. The coulombic force from the deposited charges on PP can induce a highly localized electric field (up to ~10 6 V/cm) between the grounded metal edge and the nanoscale surface of the nonwoven PP fabric that reduces the potential barrier, causing electrostatic electron/ion emission or discharge from the insulating PP winding surface to the ambient air, especially along the metal edge. Further, the level of static charge associated with the RtR process is characterized using a noncontact electrostatic field (E-field) meter without contaminating and interrupting the production lines. Furthermore, the three-dimensional finite element method (FEM) is used to obtain an accurate electrostatic charge distribution based on the actual size of the winding stock roll, providing a comprehensive understanding of the self-induced E-field-assisted ESD during operation. The experiment and simulation indicate that ~75% of the effective stored charge density is transferred through the air. Therefore, the induced field emission structure is cost effective for dissipating the electrostatic charges and minimizing the ESD hazards. INDEX TERMSElectrostatic discharge, Electron emission, Electric field, Polypropylene, Roll-to-roll manufacturing KHOMSAN RUANGWONG received the B.Sc. Degree in electrical engineering from the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Kasetsart University Sriracha Campus, Thailand in 2016. He previously worked in High-voltage system in Mitsubishi Electric Thai Auto-Parts Co., Ltd. and Fuji Tusco Co., Ltd during 2016 to 2018. He is currently pursuing the M.Sc. degree in the Department of Electrical Engineering with the focus of high voltage and electric field applications, including corona discharge plasma, electrostatic discharge in manufacturing and insulator and dielectric phenomena in high voltage system. CHAYAPORN THAMMANIPHIT received the B.Sc. Degree in electrical engineering from the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Kasetsart University, Thailand in 2019. She is currently pursuing the M.Sc. degree in the Department of Electrical Engineering. She is a Research Assistant with the Electrons and Semiconductor Laboratory. Her research interests include nonthermal plasma discharge processes and innovation plasma applications, electron and electrostatic discharges. SIWAPON SRISONPHAN. (M'13) received the B.S. degree in electronic engineering from King Mongkut'

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A history of the Van de Graaff generator

Cited by 27 publications

References 1 publication

Triboelectric Nanogenerator: A Foundation of the Energy for the New Era

Triboelectric Nanogenerator: A Foundation of the Energy for the New Era

Polymer nanogenerators: Opportunities and challenges for large‐scale applications

Self-Induced Localized Electric-Field-Enhanced Electrostatic Electron Emission in Polypropylene Surface-Based Roll-to-Roll Manufacturing

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