A history of the origin and development of macroporous ion-exchange resins

Abrams, Irving M.; Millar, J. R.

doi:10.1016/s1381-5148(97)00058-8

Cited by 124 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Macroreticular resins are preferred in the case of catalysis due to their permanent pores and increased active surface area (Abrams and Millar, 1997).…”

Section: Cation Exchange Resinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The rate inhibiting effect of water as a product on reactions catalysed by cation exchange resins: formation of mesityl oxide from acetone as case study

Toit

Nicol

2004

Applied Catalysis A: General

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The rate inhibiting effect of water as a product on reactions catalysed by cation exchange resins: Formation of mesityl oxide from acetone as a case studyElizabeth Louisa du Toit U Un ni iv ve er rs si it ty y o of f P Pr re et to or ri ia a e et td d - It is known that when water is a product in reactions catalysed by cation exchange resins, it inhibits the reaction rate much more than predicted by the reverse reaction or dilution effects. In this work the inhibiting effect is ascribed to the preferential association of the catalytically active sites with water. In the derivation of the kinetic model, a Freundlich type adsorption isotherm was used to quantify the number of sites occupied by water. This is combined with a power law expression for the reaction rate. The resultant expression can accurately predict the reaction rate for various initial concentrations of water and mesityl oxide. Even when water was initially added to the reaction mixture, this model still gave an absolute average error of 6.5% compared to a 54.6% error when the same approach was followed but with the more popular Langmuir isotherm to describe site deactivation. The kinetic expression previously proposed for this reaction system by Klein and Banchero also failed when water was added to the reaction mixture and gave i U Un ni iv ve er rs si it ty y o of f P Pr re et to or ri ia a e et td d --D Du u T To oi it t, , E E. .L L. . ( (2 20 00 03 3) ) an average error of 71.1%. The procedure used to derive the model is therefore suggested for all cation exchange catalysed reactions where water is one of the products.

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“…Macroreticular resins are preferred in the case of catalysis due to their permanent pores and increased active surface area (Abrams and Millar, 1997).…”

Section: Cation Exchange Resinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The rate inhibiting effect of water as a product on reactions catalysed by cation exchange resins: formation of mesityl oxide from acetone as case study

Toit

Nicol

2004

Applied Catalysis A: General

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“…As adsorbents, ion exchange resins of sulfonated poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) (PS-DVB) have been largely used in the sugar industry due to their chemical inertness, higher capacity and selectivity [5,8]. According to their structure, the resins are classified in two major groups: gel-type and macroporous [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These resins are highly swollen and have a low nominal degree of crosslinking (the DVB content is lower than 12%) resulting in high water retention capacity and fast diffusion kinetics [9,10]. * Corresponding author.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of adsorption equilibrium of fructose, glucose and sucrose on potassium gel-type and macroporous sodium ion-exchange resins

Nobre

Santos

Dominguez

et al. 2009

Analytica Chimica Acta

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a b s t r a c tAdsorption equilibrium of fructose, glucose and sucrose was evaluated on sulfonated poly(styrene-codivinylbenzene) cation-exchange resins. Two types of resins were used: potassium (K + ) gel-type and sodium (Na + ) macroporous resins. Influence of the cation and effect of the resin structure on adsorption were studied. The adsorption isotherms were determined by the static method in batch mode for monocomponent and multi-component sugar mixtures, at 25 and 40• C, in a range of concentrations between 5 and 250 g L −1 . All adsorption isotherms were fitted by a linear model in this range of concentrations. Sugars were adsorbed in both resins by the following order: fructose > glucose > sucrose. Sucrose was more adsorbed in the Na + macroporous resin, glucose was identically adsorbed, and fructose was more adsorbed in the K + gel-type resin. Data obtained from the adsorption of multi-component mixtures as compared to the mono-component ones showed a competitive effect on the adsorption at 25• C, and a synergetic effect at 40• C. The temperature increase conducted to a decrease on the adsorption capacity for mono-component sugar mixtures, and to an increase for the multi-component mixtures. Based on the selectivity results, K + gel-type resin seems to be the best choice for the separation of fructose, glucose and sucrose, at 25• C.

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“…Although nowadays the polymerization mechanism is entirely different, based on the so called addition or vinyl polymerization (first applied by D'Alelio in 1944) commercial ion exchange resins production uses the same principles as their predecessors, and the two kind of resin explained before are still the most commonly used resins. [41] Regarding their chemical composition, most ion-exchange resins are based on cross-linked polystyrene-divinylbenzene (DVB) copolymers bearing ion-exchanging functional groups. Besides, from the morphological point of view, the following types can be considered: -Gel type: resins with a macroscopic homogeneous and elastic framework which contains the solvent employed in its synthesis.…”

Section: Resin Beadsmentioning

confidence: 99%