A History of Poland

Prażmowska, Anita J.

doi:10.1007/978-0-230-34412-9

Cited by 27 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…21 Until this point, and like many of the countries of the former Eastern communist bloc, Poland was unable to fully engage with the ongoing processes of globalisation that were occurring, at different rates, in other parts of the world. Indeed, the collapse of communism left many Eastern European countries in a very poor state both economically and socially.…”

Section: Migration In Footballmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poles apart: foreign players, Polish football and Euro 2012

Elliott

Bania

2013

Soccer & Society

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Section: Migration In Footballmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poles apart: foreign players, Polish football and Euro 2012

Elliott

Bania

2013

Soccer & Society

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“…Instead, what we now call Poland was partitioned into three major areas: the area controlled by Prussia to the west, Russia to the east, and Austria to the south (see Figure 1 in Churski et al, 2021). For more than one hundred years, the former Polish territories were governed by considerably different political, economic, and educational regimes as well as legal institutions, customs, and norms (see, e.g., Davies, 2001;Prażmowska, 2010Prażmowska, , 2017. After World War II (WWII), the map of Poland was again altered drastically as territory along its eastern border, the Kresy region, was transferred to the Soviet Union.…”

Section: History Leads To Strong Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foreign ownership and gender differences in pay: causal evidence from a sample of Polish workers

Taylor,

Hyclak,

Sedlak

et al. 2024

International Journal of Contemporary Management

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The study attempts to estimate the causal relationship between foreign company ownership and wages that is driven by ownership per se, and not by observable or unobservable worker and firm characteristics. We employ proprietary data from surveys conducted by Sedlak & Sedlak, a major Polish HR consulting firm, with our pooled cross-section data set comprising over 300,000 men and 250,000 women working in the Polish labor market between 2013 and 2017. The foreign-firm wage premium is estimated by several techniques, ranging from ordinary least squares and two-stage least squares to a recently developed frequentist RX-2SLS econometric procedure that relaxes IV assumptions via the exclusion restriction. Our major findings are: (1) regardless of gender, Polish workers employed by majority foreign capital firms earn a significant wage premium; and (2) the foreign-firm wage premium is substantially larger for women, suggesting that the wage policies used by foreign-owned firms in Poland have an equalizing effect on the gender wage gap.

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“…Significant political and social transitions characterized medieval Poland following the formation of a united Polish State in 966 AD (Buko, 2008;Davies, 2005;Lukowski & Zawadzki, 2019;Manteuffel, 1982;Prazmowska, 2004;Ramet, 2017). This phase saw the rise of cities and major centers and an overall trend toward urbanization to accommodate demands of the new, organized state (Barford, 2005;Gieysztor et al, 1979).…”

Section: Biocultural Context: Medieval Gieczmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in workload in medieval Poland: Patterns of asymmetry and biomechanical adaptation in the upper limb at Giecz

Brzezinski,

Hubbe,

Hunter

et al. 2023

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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ObjectivesThis study characterizes sexual dimorphism in skeletal markers of upper limb mechanical loading due to lateralization as evidence of division of labor in medieval Giecz, Poland.MethodsTwenty‐six dimensions for paired humeri, clavicles, and radii representing adult males (n = 89) and females (n = 53) were collected from a skeletal sample from the cemetery site Gz4. Percent directional asymmetry (DA) and absolute asymmetry (AA) for each dimension were compared among bones, osteometric subcategories, and sex. Additionally, side bias and sex differences were assessed in degenerative joint disease (DJD) and entheseal changes (ECs).ResultsNearly all measurements revealed significant asymmetry favoring the right side. Asymmetry was most pronounced in midshaft dimensions with few sex differences. There were more correlations among dimensions within elements than between elements, mainly in the midshaft. No laterality in DJD frequencies was noted for either sex, but females demonstrated significantly lower odds of having DJD than males in most joints. Most ECs demonstrated a right‐bias and association with DA with no sex‐specific patterns except the biceps brachii insertion, where females were ~5 times more likely to be scored “right” than males.DiscussionThe general lack of sex differences in asymmetry and ECs suggests similarly demanding workloads for females and males, with the exception of sex‐specific functional loading differences in the forearm. Further, DJD data suggest males engaged in more intensive activities involving the upper limb. These results enhance understanding of workload in this important historical period and provide a comparison for asymmetry in past populations.

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A History of Poland

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Poles apart: foreign players, Polish football and Euro 2012

Poles apart: foreign players, Polish football and Euro 2012

Foreign ownership and gender differences in pay: causal evidence from a sample of Polish workers

Sex differences in workload in medieval Poland: Patterns of asymmetry and biomechanical adaptation in the upper limb at Giecz

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