A History of Physical Activity Measurement in Epidemiology

Shephard, Roy J.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-29577-0_2

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 151 publications

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“…In addition, mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) were calculated as a measure of accuracy for both measured energy expenditure, steps, and heart rate as the mean difference between estimations of the wrist-worn activity tracker and estimations of the criterion measurement (Jaeger Oxycon Pro or ActiGraph GT3X) multiplied by 100, divided by the mean of the criterion measurement (Jaeger Oxycon Pro or ActiGraph GT3X) [ 27 ]. An MAPE value <1% was acceptable in the laboratory context [ 28 , 54 ] and a MAPE <10% of the criterion value was considered an acceptable rate of error in the free-living setting [ 9 ]. Missing data analysis was performed as recommended by Fox-Wasylyshyn [ 55 ] to evaluate any significant association between missing data and participant characteristics at baseline.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In rehabilitation settings, objective estimations of physical activity are rarely used. Instead, subjective measures are common practice due to their high degree of acceptance, cost effectiveness, and relatively low administrative burden [ 9 ]. However, despite its perceived benefits, subjective estimations of physical activity domains have estimation biases, such as recall bias and reactivity bias [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instead, subjective measures are common practice due to their high degree of acceptance, cost effectiveness, and relatively low administrative burden [ 9 ]. However, despite its perceived benefits, subjective estimations of physical activity domains have estimation biases, such as recall bias and reactivity bias [ 9 ]. Several studies [ 10 - 14 ] have indicated the potential of wrist-worn activity tracking devices as tools that can facilitate behavior change and increase the degree to which patients follow individually modulated physical activity levels designed to improve health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wrist-Worn Activity Trackers in Laboratory and Free-Living Settings for Patients With Chronic Pain: Criterion Validity Study

Sjöberg¹,

Westergren²,

Monnier³

et al. 2021

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth

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Background Physical activity is evidently a crucial part of the rehabilitation process for patients with chronic pain. Modern wrist-worn activity tracking devices seemingly have a great potential to provide objective feedback and assist in the adoption of healthy physical activity behavior by supplying data of energy expenditure expressed as metabolic equivalent of task units (MET). However, no studies of any wrist-worn activity tracking devices’ have examined criterion validity in estimating energy expenditure, heart rate, or step count in patients with chronic pain. Objective The aim was to determine the criterion validity of wrist-worn activity tracking devices for estimations of energy expenditure, heart rate, and step count in a controlled laboratory setting and free-living settings for patients with chronic pain. Methods In this combined laboratory and field validation study, energy expenditure, heart rate, and step count were simultaneously estimated by a wrist-worn activity tracker (Fitbit Versa), indirect calorimetry (Jaeger Oxycon Pro), and a research-grade hip-worn accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X) during treadmill walking at 3 speeds (3.0 km/h, 4.5 km/h, and 6.0 km/h) in the laboratory setting. Energy expenditure and step count were also estimated by the wrist-worn activity tracker in free-living settings for 72 hours. The criterion validity of each measure was determined using intraclass and Spearman correlation, Bland-Altman plots, and mean absolute percentage error. An analysis of variance was used to determine whether there were any significant systematic differences between estimations. Results A total of 42 patients (age: 25-66 years; male: 10/42, 24%; female: 32/42, 76%), living with chronic pain (duration, in years: mean 9, SD 6.72) were included. At baseline, their mean pain intensity was 3.5 (SD 1.1) out of 6 (Multidimensional Pain Inventory, Swedish version). Results showed that the wrist-worn activity tracking device (Fitbit Versa) systematically overestimated energy expenditure when compared to the criterion standard (Jaeger Oxycon Pro) and the relative criterion standard (ActiGraph GT3X). Poor agreement and poor correlation were shown between Fitbit Versa and both Jaeger Oxycon Pro and ActiGraph GT3X for estimated energy expenditure at all treadmill speeds. Estimations of heart rate demonstrated poor to fair agreement during laboratory-based treadmill walks. For step count, the wrist-worn devices showed fair agreement and fair correlation at most treadmill speeds. In free-living settings; however, the agreement for step count between the wrist-worn device and waist-worn accelerometer was good, and the correlation was excellent. Conclusions The wrist-worn device systematically overestimated energy expenditure and showed poor agreement and correlation compared to the criterion standard (Jaeger Oxycon Pro) and the relative criterion standard (ActiGraph GT3X), which needs to be considered when used clinically. Step count measured with a wrist-worn device, however, seemed to be a valid estimation, suggesting that future guidelines could include such variables in this group with chronic pain.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wrist-Worn Activity Trackers in Laboratory and Free-Living Settings for Patients With Chronic Pain: Criterion Validity Study

Sjöberg¹,

Westergren²,

Monnier³

et al. 2021

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…No days were excluded as outliers for the remaining days of step counts and 5% of the remaining daily step counts were imputed. Weekly totals considered extreme outliers (<1% and >99% of all step count values) were excluded as per Rowe’s rules of identifying outliers in pedometer data (Shephard & Tudor-Locke, 2016). Four weekly totals (3.3%) were excluded as outliers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Health in Black and Latino Adults With Type 2 Diabetes

McCarthy,

Del Giudice,

Wong

et al. 2024

Nursing Research

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Background The incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) among U.S. adults has been rising annually, with a higher incidence rate in Black and Hispanic adults than Whites. The American Heart Association (AHA) has defined cardiovascular health according to the achievement of seven health behaviors (smoking, body mass index [BMI], physical activity, diet) and health factors (total cholesterol, blood pressure, fasting glucose). Optimal cardiovascular health has been associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease, and awareness of this risk may influence healthy behaviors. Objectives This study aimed to assess cardiovascular health in a sample of Black and Hispanic adults (age 18–40) with T2DM and explore the barriers and facilitators to diabetes self-management and cardiovascular health. Methods This was an explanatory sequential mixed method design. The study staff recruited adults with T2DM for the quantitative data followed by qualitative interviews with a subsample of participants using maximum variation sampling. The seven indices of cardiovascular health as defined by the AHA’s “Life’s Simple 7” were assessed: health behaviors (smoking, body mass index, physical activity, diet) and health factors (total cholesterol, blood pressure, A1C). Qualitative interviews were conducted to explore their results as well as the effects of the pandemic on diabetes self-management. Qualitative and quantitative data were integrated into the final analysis phase. Results The majority of the sample was female, with 63% identifying as Black and 47% Hispanic. The factor with the lowest achievement of ideal levels was BMI, followed by a healthy diet. Less than half achieved ideal levels of blood pressure or physical activity. Themes that emerged from the qualitative data included the impact of social support, the effects of the pandemic on their lives, and educating themselves about T2DM. Discussion Achievement of ideal cardiovascular health factors varied, but the achievement of several health factors may be interrelated. Intervening on even one factor while providing social support may improve other areas of cardiovascular health in this population.

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Physical Activity Tracking Wristbands for Use in Research With Older Adults: An Overview and Recommendations

Weisberg

Campelo

Bhaidani

et al. 2020

Journal for the Measurement of Physical Behaviour

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Traditional physical activity tracking tools, such as self-report questionnaires, are inherently subjective and vulnerable to bias. Physical activity tracking technology, such as activity tracking wristbands, is becoming more reliable and readily available. As such, researchers are employing these objective measurement tools in both observational- and intervention-based studies. There remains a gap in the literature on how to properly select activity tracking wristbands for research, specifically for the older adult population. This paper outlines considerations for choosing the most appropriate wrist-worn wearable device for use in research with older adults. Device features, outcome measures, population, and methodological considerations are explored.

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A History of Physical Activity Measurement in Epidemiology

Cited by 6 publications

References 151 publications

Wrist-Worn Activity Trackers in Laboratory and Free-Living Settings for Patients With Chronic Pain: Criterion Validity Study

Wrist-Worn Activity Trackers in Laboratory and Free-Living Settings for Patients With Chronic Pain: Criterion Validity Study

Cardiovascular Health in Black and Latino Adults With Type 2 Diabetes

Physical Activity Tracking Wristbands for Use in Research With Older Adults: An Overview and Recommendations

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