A History of Low Back Injury is a Risk Factor for Recurrent Back Injuries in Varsity Athletes

Greene, Hunter S.; Cholewicki, Jacek; Galloway, Marc T.; Nguyen, Carolyn V.; Radebold, Andrea

doi:10.1177/03635465010290062001

Cited by 108 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In fact, 9 athletes suffered an LBI during weight training, which could have imposed sudden loading on their spines. Because over 90% of sports-related LBIs occur from self-initiated actions, 9 a mechanism involving an error or deficit in motor control is a likely etiology in these injuries.…”

Section: Direction Of Trunk Motionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromuscular Function in Athletes Following Recovery From a Recent Acute Low Back Injury

Cholewicki¹,

Greene²,

Polzhofer³

et al. 2002

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

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Study Design: Observational case control design. Objectives: To examine muscle response to sudden trunk loading in athletes with and without a recent history of acute low back injury (LBI). Background: Impaired neuromuscular function is associated with chronic low back pain. This study examined whether such impairment persists after recovery from an acute LBI. Methods and Measures:Seventeen athletes who had a recent history of acute LBI and 17 matched healthy controls were tested. At the time of testing (mean = 56 days postinjury, range = 7-120 days postinjury), all athletes were symptom free and had returned to regular competition. Subjects performed isometric exertions in trunk flexion, extension, and left and right lateral bending against a trunk restraining cable. Upon reaching the target isometric force, the cable was released to impose sudden loading on the lumbar spine. Surface EMG signals from 12 major trunk muscles were recorded. The shut-off and switch-on latencies and number of muscles responding to sudden loading were compared between the 2 groups. Results: In all 4 testing directions, the athletes with a recent history of acute LBI shut off significantly fewer muscles and did so with delayed latency. On average, the injured subjects shut off 4.0 out of 6.0 (SD = 1.3) muscles compared to 4.6 out of 6.0 (SD = 1.3) muscles in the control group. The average muscle shut-off latency was 71 (SD = 31) milliseconds for the injured and 50 (SD = 21) milliseconds for the control subjects. No differences were found in number or latency of muscles switching on. Conclusions: These objective measures of neuromuscular function indicated an altered muscle response pattern to sudden trunk loading in athletes following their clinical recovery from a recent acute LBI.

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Section: Direction Of Trunk Motionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromuscular Function in Athletes Following Recovery From a Recent Acute Low Back Injury

Cholewicki¹,

Greene²,

Polzhofer³

et al. 2002

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

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“…The identification of risk factors for musculoskeletal injuries is an ongoing research initiative across many different organizations. A commonly identified risk factor for future injury is a history of previous injury [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Injury compromises tissue integrity and impairs functional joint stability [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Injury prevention strategies focus on improving human capabilities and reducing modifiable risk factors for injury but the number of prospectively identified risk factors for musculoskeletal injuries remains relatively low. Previous injury is frequently cited and may be the most common prospectively determine risk factor for injury in both civilian and military populations regardless of anatomic location, type of injury, or tissue involved [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. The reasoning is likely multifactorial, and the effect on functional joint stability likely plays a prominent role.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isokinetic strength of fully operational U.S. Navy Seals with a previous history of shoulder and knee injury

Sell¹,

Clark²,

Abt³

et al. 2016

IES

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Abstract. BACKGROUND:Unintentional musculoskeletal injury has a significant impact on military personnel which is amplified in U.S. Navy Sea, Air, and Land Operators who participate in year round physical and tactical training. Full recovery from injury including restoration of strength is necessary for safe participation in training and performance of missions. Inadequate recovery may predispose the Operator to risk of future injury. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine isokinetic knee and shoulder strength of previously injured Operators who had returned to full duty. METHODS: Two previously injured cohorts, a knee injury group (n = 46) and a shoulder injury group (n = 55), were created from a larger group of Operators (n = 305) who had undergone strength testing. A comparison cohort was also created from each injury group (knee injury control group (n = 77) and shoulder injury control group (n = 121). All participants underwent isokinetic strength testing of their group assigned joint. This included knee flexion/extension strength testing for the knee group and shoulder internal/external rotation strength testing for the shoulder group. Side-to-side comparisons were made within each injury group and to the control group (injured extremity to strongest extremity of the control group). Individual counts within the injured Operators with strength deficits greater than 10% in their injured extremity were also performed. RESULTS: No significant side-to-side or between group differences were observed for the knee injury group. No significant side-to-side or between group differences were observed except for shoulder external rotation strength which was significantly different between groups (p = 0.003). Side-to-side strength deficits greater than 10% were observed in 20 to 25% of the injured Operators. CONCLUSION: The group comparisons demonstrate the effectiveness of the military group's rehabilitation and performance training programs, but continued vigilance and tracking of injured individuals are necessary to insure full recovery and return to duty as a small number of each injured cohort did have strength deficits bilaterally.

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“…In this case, an existing low back or hip pathology affecting muscle function at the pelvis may change the mechanics from the trunk down and affect how the foot is impacting the ground. Low back pain in athletes is not uncommon and often involves injury at the L5-S1 level [61,62]. The local response to such an injury is inhibition of segmental stabilizers, multifidus and transverse abdominus [63].…”

Section: Layer Iv: Neuro-mechanical Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

The layer concept: utilization in determining the pain generators, pathology and how structure determines treatment

Draovitch

Edelstein

Kelly

2012

Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med

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The level of understanding of pain in the nonarthritic hip has made significant strides in the last couple of decades beginning with the discoveries of Reinhold Ganz, MD. However, even with the detection of subtle bony abnormalities, including femoroacetabular impingement, a clinician's ability to differentiate pain generators in the hip has been ambiguous. Deciphering the etiology of the pathology versus the pain generator is essential in prescribing the proper treatment. The Layer Concept developed by Dr. Bryan Kelly, is a systematic means of determining which structures about the hip are the source of the pathology, which are the pain generators and how to then best implement treatment. Four layers will be discussed in this article. Layer I, the osseous layer, Layer II, the inert tissue layer, Layer III, the contractile layer and Layer IV, the neuromechanical layer.

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A History of Low Back Injury is a Risk Factor for Recurrent Back Injuries in Varsity Athletes

Cited by 108 publications

References 38 publications

Neuromuscular Function in Athletes Following Recovery From a Recent Acute Low Back Injury

Neuromuscular Function in Athletes Following Recovery From a Recent Acute Low Back Injury

Isokinetic strength of fully operational U.S. Navy Seals with a previous history of shoulder and knee injury

The layer concept: utilization in determining the pain generators, pathology and how structure determines treatment

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