A historical review of hybrid rice breeding

Zheng, Xiaoming; Wei, Fei; Cheng, Cheng; Qian, Qian

doi:10.1111/jipb.13598

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…However, the breeding of hybrid rice, especially super hybrid rice, requires an even higher yield while preventing rice from lodging due to excessive grain weight during the mature stage. Although the introduction of a semi dwarf gene (sd1) via the Green Revolution has led to a decrease in plant height and greatly reduced the risk of lodging, the goal of higher yields requires more stem and leaf growth to provide energy sources [4,60]. Meanwhile, in order to save costs and improve efficiency, there is an urgent need to develop complete mechanized rice production [59].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, ensuring both the agricultural production and nutritional quality of rice is critical. Hybrid rice, successfully utilizing the heterosis of male-sterile lines and restorer lines, has been a significant breakthrough to the increase in rice yield [4]. However, lodging leads to difficulties in harvesting high-yielding rice, resulting in severe yield losses and damage to rice quality [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of an Excellent Hybrid Rice Restorer Line R382 with Enhanced Lodging Resistance

Liu,

Song,

Xiong

et al. 2024

Agronomy

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Hybrid rice needs to prevent lodging due to excessive grain weight during maturity, which can lead to yield loss, grain quality deterioration and difficulty in harvesting. Breeding excellent parents (restorer and male-sterile lines) is the foundation for cultivating lodging-resistant hybrid rice. However, there is still limited information about restorers with improved lodging resistance. To identify a new restorer with significantly enhanced resistance to lodging, the restorer line Huazhan, which has been used for many years in hybrid rice breeding in China, was used as the control, to evaluate the lodging resistance of the new restorer R382. A two-year field experiment was executed to investigate the difference on lodging-related traits of the basal two internodes above-ground, such as out diameters of stems with or without leaf sheath (DWS, DWOS), culm thickness (CT), the section modulus (SM), bending stress (BS), and bending moment at break (M). The results indicated that DWS, CT, BS, M of R382 was at least 19.9%, 13.3%, 36.5% and 52.6% higher than that of Huazhan. However, the negative indicator lodging index of R382 was over 17.5% lower. The number and area of vascular bundles, and the contents of the chemical components of the cell wall including cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose, together with the accumulation of starch granules, were significantly greater in R382. Furthermore, in the basal stems during the jointing stage, a series of genes that promote cell wall formation exhibited significantly higher expression levels in R382. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in the yield of R382 and Huazhan. Thus, this new restorer could be a valuable donor in the future hybrid rice breeding programs for improving lodging resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of an Excellent Hybrid Rice Restorer Line R382 with Enhanced Lodging Resistance

Liu,

Song,

Xiong

et al. 2024

Agronomy

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Improvement of Quality and Disease Resistance for a Heavy-Panicle Hybrid Restorer Line, R600, in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) by Gene Pyramiding Breeding

Wang,

Qin

et al. 2024

CIMB

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The utilization of heavy-panicle hybrid rice exemplifies the successful integration of architectural enhancement and heterosis, which has been widely adopted in the southwest rice-producing area of China. Iterative improvement in disease resistance and grain quality of heavy-panicle hybrid rice varieties is crucial to promote their sustainable utilization. Here, we performed a molecular design breeding strategy to introgress beneficial alleles of broad-spectrum disease resistance and grain quality into a heavy-panicle hybrid backbone restorer line Shuhui 600 (R600). We successfully developed introgression lines through marker-assisted selection to pyramid major genes (Wxb + ALKA-GC + Pigm + Xa23) derived from three parents (Huanghuazhan, I135, I488), which significantly enhance grain quality and confer resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight (BB). The improved parental R600 line (iR600) exhibited superior grain quality and elevated disease resistance while maintaining the heavy-panicle architecture and high-yield capacity of R600. Moreover, the iR600 was crossed with male sterility line 608A to obtain a new heavy-panicle hybrid rice variety with excellent eating and cooking quality (ECQ) and high yield potential. This study presents an effective breeding strategy for rice breeders to expedite the improvement of grain quality and disease resistance in heavy-panicle hybrid rice.

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Phenotypic Analysis and Gene Cloning of Rice Floury Endosperm Mutant wcr (White-Core Rice)

Yang,

et al. 2024

Plants

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The composition and distribution of storage substances in rice endosperm directly affect grain quality. A floury endosperm mutant, wcr (white-core rice), was identified, exhibiting a loose arrangement of starch granules with a floury opaque appearance in the inner layer of mature grains, resulting in reduced grain weight. The total starch and amylose content remained unchanged, but the levels of the four component proteins in the mutant brown rice significantly decreased. Additionally, the milled rice (inner endosperm) showed a significant decrease in total starch and amylose content, accompanied by a nearly threefold increase in albumin content. The swelling capacity of mutant starch was reduced, and its chain length distribution was altered. The target gene was mapped on chromosome 5 within a 65 kb region. A frameshift mutation occurred due to an insertion of an extra C base in the second exon of the cyOsPPDKB gene, which encodes pyruvate phosphate dikinase. Expression analysis revealed that wcr not only affected genes involved in starch metabolism but also downregulated expression levels of genes associated with storage protein synthesis. Overall, wcr plays a crucial role as a regulator factor influencing protein synthesis and starch metabolism in rice grains.

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A historical review of hybrid rice breeding

Cited by 3 publications

References 33 publications

Characterization of an Excellent Hybrid Rice Restorer Line R382 with Enhanced Lodging Resistance

Characterization of an Excellent Hybrid Rice Restorer Line R382 with Enhanced Lodging Resistance

Improvement of Quality and Disease Resistance for a Heavy-Panicle Hybrid Restorer Line, R600, in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) by Gene Pyramiding Breeding

Phenotypic Analysis and Gene Cloning of Rice Floury Endosperm Mutant wcr (White-Core Rice)

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