A historical perspective on telecommunications network synchronization

Bregni, Stefano

doi:10.1109/35.685385

Cited by 58 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Timing is distributed from the PRC down to all lower-level nodes (SSU/SASE slave clocks) [2,3]. Moreover, timing can be transferred between SSU/SASE clocks along synchronisation trails made of SEC chains.…”

Section: Itu-t and Etsi Synchronisation Reference Chainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Network synchronisation has gained increasing importance in telecommunications throughout the last 30 years, especially since transmission and switching turned digital [1][2][3]. In particular, the introduction of synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) and synchronous optical network (SONET), following the plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH), made network synchronisation a hot topic in standard bodies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Basic elements of synchronisation network are nodes (autonomous and slave clocks) and links that interconnect them (e.g., 2.048 or 1.544 Mbit/s over PDH transmission facilities [2]). An autonomous clock is a stand-alone device able to generate a timing signal, starting from some periodic physical phenomenon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Timing rearrangements of SEC and SASE slave clock chains due to non‐small input phase and frequency hits in synchronisation networks

Bregni

2006

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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SUMMARYIn the standard architecture of synchronisation network, chains of slave clocks (namely, stand-alone synchronisation equipment, SASE, and SDH equipment clock, SEC) transfer timing along synchronisation trails. Hence, the need to assess precisely the performance of timing transfer along such chains, not only in stationary conditions, but also under transient rearrangements occurring after input phase and frequency hits, due for example to reference switching. If possible, system analysis should be carried out beyond the usual assumption of linear behaviour, which is rather restrictive holding only for small perturbations on the input.In literature, very few papers analysed chains of slave clocks. In this work, the non-linear transient behaviour of SEC and SASE clock chains has been simulated in the time domain, in order to evaluate their timing rearrangements after non-small phase and frequency hits on the reference signal. Both homogeneous and non-homogeneous chains of SEC and SASE clocks have been studied in various configurations, assuming the classic analogue PLL scheme, in order to provide a useful and comprehensive survey, both in qualitative and quantitative terms, on the timing performance achievable when planning synchronisation trails of various type and length in a synchronisation network.

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Section: Itu-t and Etsi Synchronisation Reference Chainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Timing rearrangements of SEC and SASE slave clock chains due to non‐small input phase and frequency hits in synchronisation networks

Bregni

2006

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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“…The ordinary differential equation (6) describes the behaviour of a PLL that is the main component of circuits for extracting time signals.…”

Section: Pd F Vcomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Master-slave networks are extensively adopted in public telecommunication networks due to simple implementation, good timing performance, reliability, and low cost [6]. They also have applications in parallel distributed computation [24], robotics [15], and multimedia systems [25].…”

Section: Master-slave Network Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing and transmission of timing signals in synchronous networks

Piqueira¹,

Takada²

2005

Mat. apl. comput.

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Abstract. In order to have accurate operation, synchronous telecommunication networks need a reliable time basis signal extracted from the line data stream in each node. When the nodes are synchronized, routing and detection can be performed, guaranteeing the correct sequence of information distribution among the several users of a transmission trunk. Consequently, an auxiliary network is created inside the main network, a sub-network, dedicated to the distribution of the clock signals.There are different solutions for the architecture of the time distribution sub-network and choosing one of them depends on cost, precision, reliability and operational security.In this work we analyze the possible time distribution networks and formulate problems related to precision and stability of the timing signals by using the qualitative theory of differential equations.Correspondences between constitutive parameters of the networks and the dynamics of the spatial phase and frequency errors are established.Mathematical subject classification: 70K20, 70K45.

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Synchronization of Digital Telecommunications Networks

Bregni

2002

162

115

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A historical perspective on telecommunications network synchronization

Cited by 58 publications

References 11 publications

Timing rearrangements of SEC and SASE slave clock chains due to non‐small input phase and frequency hits in synchronisation networks

Timing rearrangements of SEC and SASE slave clock chains due to non‐small input phase and frequency hits in synchronisation networks

Processing and transmission of timing signals in synchronous networks

Synchronization of Digital Telecommunications Networks

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