A Historical Perspective on Lateral Collapse and Volcanic Debris Avalanches

Siebert, Lee; Roverato, Matteo

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-57411-6_2

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…The Sector collapse resulted in a debris avalanche and debris flow deposits. Sector collapse is hazardous because it can transport voluminous debris-avalanche deposits and debris flows deposits, covering area tens of kilometers from the source of the collapse [5]. With a high level of danger, it will be very vulnerable for residents around the slopes of the volcano [5].…”

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confidence: 99%

Morphometric Characteristic and Distribution of Hummocky Hills in Debris Avalanche Deposit of Galunggung Volcano, West Java, Indonesia

Alfin

Wibowo

Harijoko

2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Sector collapse of a volcanic body produces topography of horseshoe-shaped caldera incisions and a widespread hummocky hill resembling debris avalanche deposit. The study of morphometry, distribution, and the alignment of the hummocky hills is necessary to understand the source and deposition process of the debris-avalanche deposit. Galunggung volcano is, one of the volcanoes in Java Island, attributed with 7 km wide of caldera opens towards the east direction (N 135° E) where hummocky hills cover an area of ~32 km2. Morphometry of the hummocky hills is 500-700,000 m2 in size, elongation ratio of 1.3-3.9. Hummocky hills are distributed 0.5 to 20 km distance from the summit of the Galunggung volcano. The elongation orientation of the hummocky hills is deviated from the main flow direction forming various angles. We divide the deviation angle into parallel (0-45°) and perpendicular orientation (45-90°). The maximum size of the hummocky hills generally decreases towards increasing distance from the summit. These hills also show changes in alignment from perpendicular to parallel, suggesting a typical free flow pattern of debris-avalanche deposits.

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Morphometric Characteristic and Distribution of Hummocky Hills in Debris Avalanche Deposit of Galunggung Volcano, West Java, Indonesia

Alfin

Wibowo

Harijoko

2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…Hence, it may constitute a "Bandai-type collapse" (Sekiya and Kikuchi 1889; Nakamura 1978), the last described as originated by "phreatic eruptions." The lack of juvenile magma within the VDAD can be interpreted as it was deep beneath the summit at the time of the collapse (e.g., Belousov et al 2007;Siebert and Roverato 2021).…”

Section: Triggering Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mid-Holocene lateral collapse of Antuco volcano (Chile): debris avalanche deposit features, emplacement dynamics, and impacts

Romero

Moreno²,

Polacci

et al. 2022

Landslides

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Antuco (37.4°S, 71.4°W; Chile) is a dominantly basaltic stratovolcano whose original ~ 3300 m altitude main cone experienced a catastrophic sector collapse at ~ 7.1 cal ka BP, producing a volcanic debris avalanche deposit (VDAD) with hummocky surface and ~ 6.4 km3 of volume. We carried out geological studies of its debris avalanche deposit, which was distributed to the W and displays a longitudinal facies transformation from edifice’s megablocks and block to mixed facies in distal areas (up to 25 km from the scar). Our observations support the behavior of the avalanche beginning as a translational slide, and then as plug flow when confined within the Laja River valley. Clay abundance and high content of hydrothermally altered material may suggest active participation of water; flow velocities are estimated to ~100 m s−1. We primarily identify the steep-sided flanks of the cone, and hydrothermal alteration promoted the edifice instability, while basement seismogenic structures may have ultimately triggered the landslide. Subsequent landslide-led events include the transformation of the volcanic activity with explosive eruptions producing a sequence of dilute pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) ending ~3.4 ky BP, and extensive lava effusion rapidly reconstructing the collapsed edifice. Moreover, the Antuco VDAD also blocked the natural output of the Laja Lake, increasing its level by ~200 m and then triggering cataclysmic outburst floods by dam rupture, preserved as high-energy alluvial beds with ages between 2.8 and 1.7 ky BP. The Antuco constitutes an excellent example of a critical chain of events initiated by a stratovolcano lateral collapse and warns for detailed hazard investigations to better comprehend its related impacts.

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“…Geophysical granular flows are gravity-driven, potentially catastrophic phenomena that occur frequently on the Earth's surface [1]. Volcanoes present particularly favorable conditions for the generation of geophysical granular flows due to (1) the emission of solid particles and gas during volcanic eruptions that may feed granular flows directly and/or accumulate on the volcano flanks and participate in remobilization processes, (2) magmatic fluids-induced seismicity and deformation that may cause instability conditions in volcanic areas, and (3) the frequent occurrence in high altitude areas such as most volcanoes of meteorological phenomena able to trigger sudden episodes of erosion and mobilization of volcanic products [2,3]. Among the geophysical granular flows associated with volcanic systems, pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) are those that most threaten people's lives and infrastructure [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of fluidization in increasing the run-out distance of granular flows generated from different aspect ratio collapsing columns

Aravena,

Chupin,

Dubois

et al. 2024

Preprint

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We investigate the propagation dynamics of fluidized granular flows in a horizontal channel in order to evaluate the factors controlling the efficiency of fluidization in increasing the run-out distance of natural granular mixtures such as pyroclastic density currents. For this, we use a two-phase numerical model able to simulate dam-break experiments, which permits us to describe depth-dependent variations of flow properties and the effect of pore pressure on the rheology of the granular material. We show that the interplay between column collapse timescale and flow front velocity plays a primary role in determining the effective influence of fluidization on run-out distance. For high aspect ratio columns, collapse velocity decreases abruptly after reaching its peak, a significant portion of the collapse occurs when the flow front has travelled a long distance from the reservoir and, importantly, the decrease of basal pore pressure with time in the reservoir translates into a reduced velocity of the granular material entering into the propagation channel during final phases of collapse. Thus, at some point, the collapsing material is not able to affect significantly the flow front dynamics, in contrast to low aspect ratio collapsing columns. These results are consistent with complementary analogue experiments, which show that the granular material at the front of the deposit originates from lower levels of the collapsed column. Comparison with new experimental data also reveals that the effective pore pressure diffusion coefficient is an increasing function of column height, and can be considered as proportional to a weighted average of flow thickness during propagation. This is consistent with experiments on static defluidization columns, but had not been tested in dam-break experiments until this study. Considering this type of dependency, under our experimental and simulation conditions, the non-dimensional run-out distance presents a relative maximum for an aspect ratio between \(1\) and \(2\), and then it decreases abruptly. Our observations suggest that the effect of fluidization in increasing run-out distance is limited under conditions of sudden collapse of a volume of fluidized material with no initial velocity, such as collapsing domes. This has implications for the long-lasting debate on the influence of fluidization in the transport dynamics of natural granular flows.

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A Historical Perspective on Lateral Collapse and Volcanic Debris Avalanches

Cited by 14 publications

References 148 publications

Morphometric Characteristic and Distribution of Hummocky Hills in Debris Avalanche Deposit of Galunggung Volcano, West Java, Indonesia

Morphometric Characteristic and Distribution of Hummocky Hills in Debris Avalanche Deposit of Galunggung Volcano, West Java, Indonesia

Mid-Holocene lateral collapse of Antuco volcano (Chile): debris avalanche deposit features, emplacement dynamics, and impacts

Effect of fluidization in increasing the run-out distance of granular flows generated from different aspect ratio collapsing columns

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