A história indígena profunda do sambaqui Monte Castelo: um ensaio sobre a longa duração da cerâmica e das paisagens no sudoeste amazônico

Abstract

This work presents and discusses some characteristics of the deep indigenous history of Monte Castelo, a southwestern Amazonian shellmound site, in the light of recent research on that site and the archaeology of shellmounds throughout the region. The data obtained at Monte Castelo confirm that the oldest and most persistent ceramic assemblages in the Americas are located in shellmounds, in contexts where the construction of the landscapes has lasted for millennia, marking periods of intensification in the human occupation of the Amazon Basin. Material culture, stratigraphy and chronology are presented in order to characterize the fundamental traits relating to the origin and development of ceramic technology and landscape management in the lowlands of South America. Human intervention in the landscape has long propitiated the reoccupation of many of the earliest known archaeological sites. Parallel to this, several paleoenvironmental markers in the southern Amazon have evidenced variations in the climate that accompany human occupations since, at least, the Early Holocene. In the Guaporé river basin, the chronology of the sites seems to accompany trends of increased water availability and forest expansion, in a period marked by the emergence of more numerous communities and complex artifacts throughout the Middle Holocene. There, the feedback between human interventions and climate change has created a privileged place for settlements, whose striking relative continuity has given rise to some of the most important cultural and landscape changes that have spread widely throughout the Amazon and beyond for thousands of years. Seeking to bring the notion of meaningful places to the archaeology of the Amazonian shellmounds, this work proposes a way to understand them through an inclusive notion of ancestry that may be useful for contemporary indigenous peoples to recover their traditional territories.

A correlation analysis of Light Microscopy and X-ray MicroCT imaging methods applied to archaeological plant remains’ morphological attributes visualization

“…The location of the Monte Castelo archaeological site in the Middle Guapore River basin area (adapted)18 (QGis version 3.8, URL: https ://www.qgis.org). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-71726-z…”

Arqueologia dos encontros no litoral sul de Santa Catarina: os sambaquis tardios e sítios Jê entre 2000 a 500 cal AP

“…Bandeira, 2016;Iriarte et al, 2017;A. Bandeira, 2018;Prous, 2019, p. 201), no sudoeste da Amazônia (Miller, 2013;Pugliese, 2018), além de vales fluviais, como no Baixo Amazonas (Roosevelt et al, 1991), no Vale do Ribeira do Iguape em São Paulo (Barreto, 1989;Neves & Okumura, 2005;Plens, 2008;Tognoli, 2016), em Santa Catarina, no Vale do Itajaí (Piazza, 1967) e região de Joinville (D. Bandeira, 2004;D. Bandeira et al, 2013), e em Osório no Rio Grande do Sul (Prous, 1992, p. 269).…”

“…O conceito de estrutura atribui funcionalidade e significado a uma feição: " 'Feição' é entendido então como um termo mais genérico (...), que pode ser aplicado a qualquer elemento contextual da camada arqueológica, enquanto 'estrutura' implica que tal elemento contextual possa ser interpretado em termos de função" (Scheel-Ybert et al, 2020, p. 177). 3 Os sambaquis do sudoeste da Amazônia e litoral norte apresentam as evidências de cerâmica mais antigas do continente: cerâmica Cupim de Monte Castelo/RO (8350±70, Beta 103187, Pugliese, 2018), em Taperinha no Baixo Amazonas (7090±80, OxA 1546, Roosevelt et al, 1991), e a cerâmica Mina, em PA-AS-23/MA (5570±125, SI 1034, Oliveira & Silveira, 2016). Sítios conchíferos com cerâmica Mina são registrados entre o litoral do Piauí e Maranhão, podendo se estender até a Venezuela, segundo pesquisas locais (A.…”

“…Sítios conchíferos com cerâmica Mina são registrados entre o litoral do Piauí e Maranhão, podendo se estender até a Venezuela, segundo pesquisas locais (A. Bandeira, 2016;Pugliese, 2018).…”