A Histopathologic Analysis of Eyes Primarily Enucleated for Advanced Intraocular Retinoblastoma From a Developing Country

Kashyap, Seema; Sethi, Sumita; Meel, Rachna; Pushker, Neelam; Sen, Seema; Bajaj, Mandeep S; Chandra, Mahesh; Ghose, Supriyo

doi:10.5858/arpa.2010-0759-oa

Cited by 41 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…These observations could be related to tumor progression and dedifferentiation from less aggressive, better differentiated tumors to more aggressive poorly differentiated tumors, a phenomenon that is well described in tumors in other organs like the thyroid gland and the esophagus (15,(23)(24)(25)(26)(27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Most of these reported higher incidences compared with studies reported from the developed world (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Many showed higher incidence of poorly differentiated (up to 80%) compared to well differentiated tumors, probably due to late age of presentation (15)(16)(17). Most tumors (74%) in our series as well as tumors reported by Filho et al (95%) (23) were well or moderately differentiated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reported incidence of the various histopathologic features in eyes enucleated for retinoblastoma is highly variable, and generally the incidence of choroid and optic nerve invasion in the developing world was higher than in the developed world (Table IV) (10,11,15,18,19,24,(28)(29)(30). The overall reported incidence of optic nerve involvement beyond the lamina cribrosa and at the resection margin ranged from 6.5% to 40%, while the overall reported incidence of massive choroid invasion ranged from 12% to 41%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These HRF, which have been described, and debated, in the literature include tumor invasion of the anterior chamber, iris, ciliary body, massive choroid (more than 3 mm), sclera, post-laminar portion of the optic nerve, combination of focal choroid invasion (less than 3 mm) and optic nerve invasion, as well as extra-ocular tumor extension (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A histopathologic analysis of 50 eyes primarily enucleated for retinoblastoma in a tertiary cancer center in jordan

Yousef¹,

Hajja²,

Nawaiseh³

et al. 2013

TJPATH

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Objective: To analyze the histopathologic features of the eyes with intraocular retinoblastoma primarily treated by enucleation in a tertiary cancer center in Jordan. Material and Method:A retrospective case series of 50 eyes for 49 patients who had pathologically confirmed retinoblastoma after enucleation as primary therapy. The main outcome measures included demographics, laterality, international classification of intraocular retinoblastoma, choroid invasion, optic nerve invasion, anterior chamber invasion, and tumor differentiation. Results:The median age at enucleation was 30 months. Twenty-seven (55%) patients were males, and 19 (39%) patients had bilateral retinoblastoma. High risk pathological features were seen as massive choroid invasion in 9 (18%) eyes, post-laminar optic nerve invasion in 7 (14%) eyes, and anterior chamber, iris or ciliary body invasion in 7 (14%) eyes. Thirty-seven (74%) tumors were well/moderately differentiated, and 13 (26%) were poorly differentiated. Poorly differentiated tumors presented later (median 31 months) than well/ moderately differentiated tumors (26 months) and were associated with a higher incidence of high-risk pathological features. No single ICRB group C eye had high-risk pathological features, while 17% and 4% of group D eyes and 28% and 33% of group E eyes had massive choroid invasion and post-laminar optic nerve invasion, respectively. Eighteen (36%) patients received adjuvant chemotherapy for high risk pathological features, and at median follow up of 40 months, no single case had metastasis or was dead. Conclusion:Our pathologic findings were similar to the developed world. They were supportive of the predictive power of the international classification of retinoblastoma staging system for the likelihood of high risk pathological features. Poorly differentiated tumors were associated with a higher incidence of high risk pathological features than well/moderately differentiated tumors.Key Words: Choroid, Optic nerve, Retinoblastoma, Eye ÖZ Amaç: Ürdün' de üçüncü basamak kanser merkezinde primer olarak enükleasyon ile tedavi edilen intraoküler retinoblastomalı gözlerin histopatolojik özelliklerinin araştırılması. Gereç ve Yöntem:Primer tedavi olarak enükleasyon uygulandıktan sonra patolojiyle retinoblastoma tanısı alan 49 hastaya ait 50 gözden oluşan retrospektif olgu serisi. Demografik bulgular, lateralite, Uluslararası Retinoblastoma Sınıflaması, koroid invazyon, optik sinir invazyonu, ön kamera invazyonu ve tümör farklılaşması ana sonuç verileri olarak dahil edildi. Bulgular:Enükleasyon sırasında ortalama yaş 30 aydı. Yirmi yedi (%55) hasta erkekti ve 19 (%39) hastanın bilateral retinoblastoması vardı. Yüksek riskli patolojik özellikler; 9 (%18) gözde massif koroid invazyonu, 7'sinde (%14) post-laminar optik sinir invazyonu ve 7'sinde (%14) ön kamera, iris veya silier cisimcik invazyonu şeklindeydi. Otuz yedi (%74) tümör iyi/orta derecede diferansiye ve 13 (%26) az diferansiye idi. Az diferansiye tümörler (ortalama 31 ay), iyi/orta derecedeki tümörle...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Most of these reported higher incidences compared with studies reported from the developed world (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A histopathologic analysis of 50 eyes primarily enucleated for retinoblastoma in a tertiary cancer center in jordan

Yousef¹,

Hajja²,

Nawaiseh³

et al. 2013

TJPATH

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Defining High-risk Retinoblastoma

et al. 2022

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High-risk histopathologic features of retinoblastoma are useful to assess the risk of systemic metastasis. In this era of globe salvage treatments for retinoblastoma, the definition of high-risk retinoblastoma is evolving.OBJECTIVE To evaluate variations in the definition of high-risk histopathologic features for metastasis of retinoblastoma in different ocular oncology practices around the world.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS An electronic web-based, nonvalidated 10-question survey was sent in December 2020 to 52 oncologists and pathologists treating retinoblastoma at referral retinoblastoma centers.INTERVENTION Anonymized survey about the definition of high-risk histopathologic features for metastasis of retinoblastoma. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESHigh-risk histopathologic features that determine further treatment with adjuvant systemic chemotherapy to prevent metastasis. RESULTS Among the 52 survey recipients, the results are based on the responses from 27 individuals (52%) from 24 different retinoblastoma practices across 16 countries in 6 continents. The following were considered to be high-risk features: postlaminar optic nerve infiltration ( 27[100%]), involvement of optic nerve transection (27 [100%]), extrascleral tissue infiltration (27 [100%]), massive (Ն3 mm) choroidal invasion (25 [93%]), microscopic scleral infiltration (23 [85%]), ciliary body infiltration (20 [74%]), trabecular meshwork invasion (18 [67%]), iris infiltration (17 [63%]), anterior chamber seeds (14 [52%]), laminar optic nerve infiltration (13 [48%]), combination of prelaminar and laminar optic nerve infiltration and minor choroidal invasion (11 [41%]), minor (<3 mm) choroidal invasion (5 [19%]), and prelaminar optic nerve infiltration (2 [7%]). The other histopathologic features considered high risk included Schlemm canal invasion (4 [15%]) and severe anaplasia (1 [4%]).Four respondents (15%) said that the presence of more than 1 high-risk feature, especially a combination of massive peripapillary choroidal invasion and postlaminar optic nerve infiltration, should be considered very high risk for metastasis. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEResponses to this nonvalidated survey conducted in 2020-2021 showed little uniformity in the definition of high-risk retinoblastoma. Postlaminar optic nerve infiltration, involvement of optic nerve transection, and extrascleral tumor extension were the only features uniformly considered as high risk for metastasis across all oncology practices. These findings suggest that the relevance about their value in the current scenario with advanced disease being treated conservatively needs further evaluation; there is also a need to arrive at consensus definitions and conduct prospective multicenter studies to understand their relevance.

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UHRF1 downmodulation enhances antitumor effects of histone deacetylase inhibitors in retinoblastoma by augmenting oxidative stress‐mediated apoptosis

et al. 2019

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A Histopathologic Analysis of Eyes Primarily Enucleated for Advanced Intraocular Retinoblastoma From a Developing Country

Cited by 41 publications

References 33 publications

A histopathologic analysis of 50 eyes primarily enucleated for retinoblastoma in a tertiary cancer center in jordan

A histopathologic analysis of 50 eyes primarily enucleated for retinoblastoma in a tertiary cancer center in jordan

Defining High-risk Retinoblastoma

UHRF1 downmodulation enhances antitumor effects of histone deacetylase inhibitors in retinoblastoma by augmenting oxidative stress‐mediated apoptosis

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