A histological study of wound healing and hemocyte function in the wax‐moth <i>Galleria mellonella</i>

Rowley, Andrew F.; Ratcliffe, Norman A.

doi:10.1002/jmor.1051570206

Cited by 52 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Over the next several hours, the number of cells increased until there were hundreds or, in some cases, thousands of blood cells covering one-third and sometimes more of the wound surface ( Fig. 2 C and I), similar to what is seen at wounds in other insects (22)(23)(24).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

Circulating blood cells function as a surveillance system for damaged tissue in Drosophila larvae

Babcock¹,

Brock

Fish

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

147

161

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Insects have an open circulatory system in which the heart pumps blood (hemolymph) into the body cavity, where it directly bathes the internal organs and epidermis. The blood contains free and tissuebound immune cells that function in the inflammatory response. Here, we use live imaging of transgenic Drosophila larvae with fluorescently labeled blood cells (hemocytes) to investigate the circulatory dynamics of larval blood cells and their response to tissue injury. We find that, under normal conditions, the free cells rapidly circulate, whereas the tissue-bound cells are sessile. After epidermal wounding, tissue-bound cells around the wound site remain sessile and unresponsive, whereas circulating cells are rapidly recruited to the site of damage by adhesive capture. After capture, these cells distribute across the wound, appear phagocytically active, and are subsequently released back into circulation by the healing epidermis. The results demonstrate that circulating cells function as a surveillance system that monitors larval tissues for damage, and that adhesive capture, an important mechanism of recruitment of circulating cells to inflammatory sites in vertebrates, is shared by insects and vertebrates despite the vastly different architectures of their circulatory systems.adhesion ͉ inflammation ͉ live-imaging ͉ wound healing

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

Circulating blood cells function as a surveillance system for damaged tissue in Drosophila larvae

Babcock¹,

Brock

Fish

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

147

161

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Even though repair of the epithelium and cuticle continue after the clot has formed and bleeding has stopped, the clot may serve as a scaffold for repair. This was shown in Galleria larvae where hemocytes attached to the melanized clot on the hemocoel-side and helped form the basal lamina, after which the clot was pushed out of the healing wound [6]. Coagulation and wound healing both depend on hemocytes.…”

Section: Wound Healingmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In rare in vivo studies of wounded Galleria mellonella larvae, bits of fatbody cells were drawn into the wound with granulocytes that subsequently degranulated, resulting in the formation of a matrix to which hemocytes attached [5,6]. Hemocytes are also required for coagulation in locust larvae.…”

Section: Coagulation Is Caused By Interaction Of Hemocyte and Plasma mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are also required for crystal cell activation and the melanization of the clot [63]. Fondue protein was found in both the cuticle and the clot [48], and phenoloxidase activity is required for wound healing [20, 68,69] as well as for clot maturation [6,46,63]. In Anopheles mosquito larvae, phenoloxidase may play a greater role in coagulation than in Drosophila larvae [45], so in the mosquito, links between coagulation and wound healing may be even stronger.…”

Section: Wound Healingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insect hemolymph clotting

Dushay

2009

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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The clot's appearance in different large-bodied insects has been described, but until recently, little was known about any insect clot's molecular makeup, and few experiments could directly test its function. Techniques have been developed in Drosophila (fruit fly) larvae to identify clotting factors that can then be tested for effects on hemostasis, healing, and immunity. This has revealed unanticipated complexity in the hemostatic mechanisms in these larvae. While the clot's molecular structure is not yet fully understood, progress is being made, and the loss of clotting factors has been shown to cause subtle immune defects. The few similarities between coagulation in different insect species and life stages, and the current state of knowledge about coagulation in insects are discussed.

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“…Then, cells in the underlying epidermis migrate to restore epidermal continuity across the damaged area. Subsequently, these cells secrete new endocuticle on the inner surface [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Many mammalian tissue types, such as skin and bone, can be fully restored by tissue secretion and remodelling [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bridging the gap: wound healing in insects restores mechanical strength by targeted cuticle deposition

Parle

Dirks

Taylor

2016

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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If an insect is injured, can it repair its skeleton in a manner which is mechanically strong and viable? Previous work has described the biological processes that occur during repair of insect cuticle, but until now, there has been no biomechanical assessment of the repaired area. We analysed the biomechanics of the injury repair process in the desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria). We show that after an incision, a healing process occurred which almost doubled the mechanical strength of locust tibial cuticle, restoring it to 66% of the original, intact strength. This repair process occurred by targeted cuticle deposition, stimulated by the presence of the injury. The cut surfaces remained unrepaired, but a patch of endocuticle was deposited, reinforcing the area and thus increasing the effective fracture toughness. The deposition rate of endocuticle inside the tibia increased fourfold compared with uninjured controls, but only on the dorsal side, where the incision was placed. The limb is highly loaded during jumping, so this partial restoration of strength will have a profound effect on the fitness of the insect. A finite-element model provided insights into the mechanics of the repair, predicting that the patch material reaches its ultimate strength before the fracture toughness of the existing cuticle is exceeded.

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A histological study of wound healing and hemocyte function in the wax‐moth Galleria mellonella

Cited by 52 publications

References 37 publications

Circulating blood cells function as a surveillance system for damaged tissue in Drosophila larvae

Circulating blood cells function as a surveillance system for damaged tissue in Drosophila larvae

Insect hemolymph clotting

Bridging the gap: wound healing in insects restores mechanical strength by targeted cuticle deposition

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