A histological and immunohistochemical study on the possible protective role of silymarin on cerebellar cortex neurotoxicity of lactating albino rats and their pups induced by gibberellic acid during late pregnancy and early postnatal period

Mohamed, Heba Kamal; Mohamed, Hala Zein-El-Abedin

doi:10.21608/ejh.2018.3019.1001

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Their cell bodies (soma) were the immense soma in the cerebellum and displayed a discernible and unique morphology. This finding agrees with birds' mammalian and nonmammalian cerebellum (Fahad & Mitchel, 2007; Mohamed & Mohamed, 2018; Roshdy & Derbalah, 2021). The Purkinje cells were arranged in a solitary row.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Investigating the role of Purkinje fibers and synaptic connectivity in balance regulation through comprehensive ultrastructural and immunohistochemical analysis of the donkey's (Equus asinus) cerebellum

Elarab,

Alsafy,

El‐Gendy

et al. 2024

J Exp Zool Pt A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The donkey's extraordinary capacity to endure substantial loads over long distances while maintaining equilibrium suggests a distinctive cerebellar architecture specialized in balance regulation. Consequently, our study aims to investigate the intricate histophysiology of the donkey's cerebellum using advanced ultrastructural and immunohistochemical methodologies to comprehend the mechanisms that govern this exceptional ability. This study represents the pioneering investigation to comprehensively describe the ultrastructure and immunohistochemistry within the donkey cerebellum. Five adult donkeys' cerebella were utilized for the study, employing stains such as hematoxylin, eosin, and toluidine blue to facilitate a comprehensive histological examination. For immunohistochemical investigation, synaptophysin (SP), calretinin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein were used and evaluated by the Image J software. Furthermore, a double immunofluorescence staining of SP and neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) was performed to highlight the co‐localization of these markers and explore their potential contribution to synaptic function within the donkey cerebellum. This investigation aims to understand their possible roles in regulating neuronal activity and synaptic connectivity. We observed co‐expression of SP and NSE in the donkey cerebellum, which emphasizes the crucial role of efficient energy utilization for motor coordination and balance, highlighting the interdependence of synaptic function and energy metabolism. The Purkinje cells were situated in the intermediate zone of the cerebellum cortex, known as the Purkinje cell layer. Characteristically, the Purkinje cell's bodies exhibited a distinct pear‐like shape. The cross‐section area of the Purkinje cells was 107.7 ± 0.2 µm2, and the Purkinje cell nucleus was 95.7 ± 0.1 µm2. The length and diameter of the Purkinje cells were 36.4 × 23.4 µm. By scanning electron microscopy, the body of the Purkinje cell looked like a triangular or oval with a meandrous outer surface. The dendrites appeared to have small spines. The Purkinje cells' cytoplasm was rich with mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, multivesicular bodies, and lysosomes. Purkinje cell dendrites were discovered in the molecular layer, resembling trees. This study sheds light on the anatomical and cellular characteristics underlying the donkey's exceptional balance‐maintaining abilities.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Investigating the role of Purkinje fibers and synaptic connectivity in balance regulation through comprehensive ultrastructural and immunohistochemical analysis of the donkey's (Equus asinus) cerebellum

Elarab,

Alsafy,

El‐Gendy

et al. 2024

J Exp Zool Pt A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The histological examination of the cerebellum, in the control group revealed no anomalies or alterations in histology as observed by 29 implying that these animals were in good health and that the experiment was carried out properly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Therefore, the present study was established to assess the potential hazard of tartrazine on the cortex of the cerebellum in the adult albino rat as well as the potential safeguarding role of riboflavin. The histological examination of the cerebellum, in the control group revealed no anomalies or alterations in histology as observed by 29 implying that these animals were in good health and that the experiment was carried out properly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Riboflavin attenuates tartrazine toxicity in the cerebellar cortex of adult albino rat

Ismail

Rashed

2022

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tartrazine is a synthetic yellowish dye considered one of the most common food colorants. Extensive usage of tartrazine in humans led to harmful health impacts. To investigate the impact of tartrazine administration on the cerebellum and to assess the potential role of riboflavin co-administration in the adult male albino rat. Four groups of adult albino rats were included in this study. Group I was supplied with distilled water. Group II was supplied tartrazine orally at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg BW dissolved in distilled water. Group III was supplied with tartrazine at the same previously mentioned dose and riboflavin orally at a dose of 25 mg/kg BW dissolved in distilled water. Group IV was supplied with riboflavin at the same previously mentioned dose. The study was conducted for 30 days then rats were sacrificed, weighted and the cerebella extracted and handled for light, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical evaluation. It was found with tartrazine treatment focal areas of Purkinje cell loss leaving empty spaces, a broad spread of neuronal affection to the degree of the disappearance of some of the granular cells, reduced the thickness of the molecular and granular layers, and strong positive GFAP immunoreactions. With riboflavin coadministration restored continuous Purkinje layer with normal appeared Purkinje cells, but some cells were still shrunken and vacuolated as well as the molecular and granular cell layers appeared normal. Tartrazine had deleterious effects on the cerebellar cytoarchitecture, and riboflavin co-administration alleviated these neurotoxic effects.

show abstract

“…Mohamed and Mohamed [2018] suggested that the vacuolation happened due to cell injury which was accompanied by increased production of ROS and lipid peroxidation that altered cell membrane permeability and oxidative destruction of cells. Ultrastructurally, the observed nuclear changes were explained by Ali et al [2018] and Mohamed and Mohamed [2018]. They stated that the condensed nuclear chromatin might be an outcome of condensation and dissolution of chromatin of dying neurons.…”

Section: Dzn Induced Neurodegenerative Changes In the Purkinje And Gr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cerebellum is susceptible to environmental and developmental hazardous factors because the Purkinje cell's maturity and the granular cell development occurs mainly postnatally and they are important highly sensitive parameters for the toxic substance [Nassar, 2009;Mohamed and Mohamed, 2018].…”

Section: Dzn Induced Neurodegenerative Changes In the Purkinje And Gr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Postnatal Effects Induced by Diazinon on the Growth of the Mice Offspring and the Development of Their Cerebellar Cortex

Hashem¹

2021

Cells Tissues Organs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Diazinon (DZN) is a commonly used organophosphorus pesticide. Exposure to the residuals of DZN may lead to toxic effects. The current work was performed to clarify the possible physical variations and cellular changes in the developing cerebellar cortex of mice offspring after administration of DZN to their pregnant mothers. 27 adult males and 54 adult females were housed for mating. In the morning, vaginal smears were done to detect vaginal plug. Pregnant mice were divided into 3 groups: GI (control), GII (DZN), and GIII (sham control). Their offspring were subdivided into 3 subgroups (a) at birth, (b) on postnatal day 7 (PD7), and (c) on postnatal day 14 (PD14). At the end of the experiment, fetal crown-rump length and weight were measured. The cerebellar cortex was extracted, and samples were prepared for tissue homogenate, light and electron microscopic examination, morphometric and statistical studies. DZN treatment induced a statistically significant difference in pups’ crown-rump length and weight associated with a highly statistically significant decrease in acetylcholinesterase enzyme level. A histopathological degenerative change was observed in the cerebellum of GII. Postnatally, a separation between cerebellar layers occurred along with shrunken cells leading to multiple enfolding and vacuolated matrix. At PD14, pericellular halos and hemorrhage between the pia matter and external granular layer were noticed. Ultrastructural examination revealed dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, swollen mitochondria, and shrunken hyperchromatic nuclei. Moreover, morphometric studies detected a statistically significant increase in external granular layer thickness and a statistical decrease in Purkinje cell numbers. These findings demonstrated that prenatal administration of DZN to pregnant mice adversely influenced the developing cerebellum of the offspring and leads to neurodegenerative changes.

show abstract

A histological and immunohistochemical study on the possible protective role of silymarin on cerebellar cortex neurotoxicity of lactating albino rats and their pups induced by gibberellic acid during late pregnancy and early postnatal period

Cited by 5 publications

References 43 publications

Investigating the role of Purkinje fibers and synaptic connectivity in balance regulation through comprehensive ultrastructural and immunohistochemical analysis of the donkey's (Equus asinus) cerebellum

Investigating the role of Purkinje fibers and synaptic connectivity in balance regulation through comprehensive ultrastructural and immunohistochemical analysis of the donkey's (Equus asinus) cerebellum

Riboflavin attenuates tartrazine toxicity in the cerebellar cortex of adult albino rat

Evaluation of the Postnatal Effects Induced by Diazinon on the Growth of the Mice Offspring and the Development of Their Cerebellar Cortex

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About