A Histologic Analysis and Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of the Muscle of Riolan

Abstract

The three muscle subdivisions are therefore physically joined together and appear to act as a single functional entity that should be collectively referred to as the muscle of Riolan.

Migration of Cosmetic Products into the Tear Film

“…10 Considered to be anatomically separate from the pre-tarsal portion of the orbicularis oculi, the muscles of Riolan are divided into two regions: one anterior to the tarsal plate (pars ciliaris) and one posterior to the meibomian glands (MGs; pars subtarsalis). 11 The fine, vertically aligned muscle fibers lie adjacent to the lid margins, keeping the eyelashes appropriately orientated 10,12 and are believed to facilitate small vertical movements of periocular skin, thus facilitating the migration of products applied around the eyes toward the tear film. 10 Several reports demonstrate the movement of compounds across the lid margin, driven by the development of alternative methods of ocular drug delivery that avoid direct instillation of the drug onto the eye.…”

Microscopic Findings of Lateral Tarsal Fixation in Asians

“…The absence of this direct communication in the other half of the specimens may have resulted from errors of sectioning, as the muscle of Riolan occupies a very small area of the tarsal plate. 3 The second sections of all upper eyelids and two thirds of the lower eyelids demonstrated direct insertion of the lr-CPF on the tarsi. The lr-CPF supported the lateral tarsal aspect cooperatively with the LCT (here corresponding to the ligament).…”

“…1 Although the LCT receives the pretarsal orbicularis oculi muscle (including the muscle of Riolan), 1,3 this has been demonstrated in only a proportion of samples 1 or is speculative based on the concept of the medial canthal tendon. 3 It is unclear, therefore, whether the LCT is always continuous with the muscle. Also, the posterior ligamentous component, reaching both the lateral check ligament and the orbital tubercle, requires more precise examination to determine its true architecture.…”

Histological Comparison between Young and Aged Specimens of the Oriental Lower Eyelid Using Sagittal Serial Sections

“…Lipham et al described the existence of muscle fibers around the meibomian glands. 20 The intratarsal muscle is believed to affect the secretion of the tarsal gland. The aging process had no effect on this muscle structure.…”