A Highly Tolerant Printing for Scalable and Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells

Xing, Zhi; Lin, Suyu; Meng, Xiangchuan; Hu, Ting; Li, Dengxue; Fan, Baojin; Cui, Yongjie; Li, Fengyu; Hu, Xiaotian; Chen, Yiwang

doi:10.1002/adfm.202107726

Cited by 49 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…This trend is consistent with previous studies. [38] Furthermore, the charge density difference of the adsorption structures also intuitively reflects the strong interaction of CBSA/perovskite (Figure 3d). The highly electronegative chlorine atoms inductively withdraw electron density, which reduces the electron density of the less electronegative iodine on the bottom of perovskite, thus achieving the effective passivation of Pb-I defects on the bottom of perovskite.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The previous studies have confirmed that nonradiative trapping assisted recombination is considered to be the main recombination pathway in the reverse PVSCs. [38] In terms of the dependence of V oc on the illumination intensity, the unit slope β deviation from 1 (1/k B Tq) reflects the recombination probability (where β is slope of V oc versus log-scaled light intensity, k is the Boltzmann constant, and q is the elementary charge). As show in Figure 4e, the exponent β of device based on NiO x /CBSA is closer to 1, implying that trap-assisted recombination in NiO x / perovskite interface has been effectively suppressed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elimination of Interfacial Lattice Mismatch and Detrimental Reaction by Self‐Assembled Layer Dual‐Passivation for Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Zhang

Yang

Dai

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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and modifying the charge transporting layers (CTLs), yet the interfacial mismatch between perovskite and CTLs is a non-negligible issue that dominates the efficiency and stability of corresponding devices. [7][8][9][10][11] Nickel oxide (NiO x ) nanocrystals as a promising stable hole transporting layer (HTL) in inverted p-i-n PVSCs are less prone to hysteresis and work well with flexible or tandem architectures. [12] Nevertheless, the PCE of NiO x -based inverted devices are usual inferior to the organic regular counterparts owing to the several interfacial issues: i) abundant surface traps and mismatch energy level restrict the charge carrier extraction, causing large energy offset; [13] ii) the redox reaction between Ni 3+ and A-site cation salts form a PbI 2 -rich hole extraction barrier, leading to severe interfacial destruction; [14] iii) inconsistent thermal expansion of lattice units in NiO x and perovskite results in tensile strain, prejudicing the microstructure and accelerating the degradation of perovskite. [15][16][17] Therefore, it is urge to solve these issues for performance enhancement and commercialization application of NiO x -based PVSCs.Recently, a great deal of molecular interlayers have been applied to passivate or adjust the energy level of NiO x /perovskite interface for strengthen the efficiency and stability in p-i-n devices, such as inorganic salts, [18][19][20] acids, [21] fullerene derivatives [22] and polymers buffer layer. [23][24][25] Nevertheless, most of the buffer layers are nonconductive and accompanied with the uncontrollable thickness and uniformity, which undoubtedly affect the optimization of charge transfer and perovskite crystal growth. Relatively speaking, the self-assembled small-molecule (SASM) can form thermodynamically favored ordered self-assembled layer that has been extensively proved as effective modifier to modulate the energy level and surface chemical state, as well as enhance the affinities of the deposition layer and substrate. [26] For instance, Fang et al. has reported that a polar chlorine-terminated SASM can modulate the energy-level alignment by forming a dipole moment at the interface. [27] Chen et al. has regulated the crystalline process and optimized the morphology of perovskite film by using 3-aminopropanioc acid SASM modified titanium oxide. [28] Other SASMs with different chemical terminations (such as amines, [29] carboxylates, [30] thiols, [31] and phosphonic acid [32] ) are also demonstrated to dramatically modify the electron Interfacial lattice mismatch and adverse reaction are the key issues hindering the development of nickel oxide (NiO x )-based inverted perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). Herein, a p-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid (CBSA) self-assembled small-molecule (SASM) is adopted to anchor NiO x and perovskite crystals to endow dual-passivation. The chlorine terminal of SASMs can provide growth sites for perovskite, leading to interfacial strain release. Meanwhile, the sulfonic acid group from SASMs can passivate surface defects of NiO x ,...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elimination of Interfacial Lattice Mismatch and Detrimental Reaction by Self‐Assembled Layer Dual‐Passivation for Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Zhang

Yang

Dai

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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103

115

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“…The shift of the Cl signal peaks may be due to the electronegativity of the covalent Cl − is lower than that of I − , and its electron withdrawing ability is weaker. As shown in Figure S6a, for KAcCl 2 doping, this shift phenomenon is more obvious than KAc, indicating that there is a stronger coordination with Pb 2+ in KAcCl 2 doping due to the simultaneous presence of oxygen and chlorine atoms, which can better passivate lead iodide defects [42,43] . In addition, the obvious Pb 0 signal appears in the XPS spectrum of the control group perovskite.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…As shown in Figure S6a, for KAcCl 2 doping, this shift phenomenon is more obvious than KAc, indicating that there is a stronger coordination with Pb 2 + in KAcCl 2 doping due to the simultaneous presence of oxygen and chlorine atoms, which can better passivate lead iodide defects. [42,43] In addition, the obvious Pb 0 signal appears in the XPS spectrum of the control group perovskite. The metallic lead is produced by the decomposition of the perovskite film in the air environment, which will deteriorate the performance of the device.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Suppressing Residual Lead Iodide and Defects in Sequential‐Deposited Perovskite Solar Cell via Bidentate Potassium Dichloroacetate Ligand

et al. 2022

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In sequential-deposited polycrystalline perovskite solar cells, the unreacted lead iodide due to incomplete conversion of lead iodide to perovskite phase, can contribute to ionic defects, such as residual lead ions (Pb 2 + ). At present, passivation of interfacial and grain boundary defects has become an effective strategy to suppress charge recombination. Here, we introduced potassium acetate (KAc) and potassium dichloroacetate (KAcCl 2 ) as additives in the sequential deposition of polycrystalline perovskite thin films and found that acetate ions (Ac À ) can effectively reduce the residual lead iodide. Compared with acetate (Ac), dichloroacetate (AcCl 2 ) can form PbÀ Cl and PbÀ O bonding as "dual anchoring" bonds with residual Pb 2 + , resulting in strong binding force and effective passivation of residual Pb 2 + defects. Furthermore, K + can enlarge grain size and restrain ion migration at the grain boundaries. Consequently, perovskite solar cells with KAcCl 2 additive show power conversion efficiencies (PCE) from 19.67 % to 22.12 %, with the open-circuit voltage increasing from 1.06 V to 1.14 V. The unencapsulated device can maintain 82 % of the initial PCE under a humidity of 30 � 5 % for 1200 h. This work provides a new approach for the regulation of ionic defects and grain boundaries at the same time to develop high-performance planar perovskite solar cells.

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“…[2] Meanwhile, flexible devices have also reached the highest PCE of 21.05%. [3] The merits of PSCs, such as low cost, suitable bandgaps for indoor light sources such as lightemitting diodes (LEDs), and simply fabricating flexible devices, [4][5][6][7] also enhance the indoor commercialization possibility. [8] In the past several years, research on indoor photovoltaics has also accelerated, which promotes the realization of the idea of the indoor Internet of Things (IoT) in the future.…”

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confidence: 99%

Full‐Dimensional Grain Boundary Stress Release for Flexible Perovskite Indoor Photovoltaics

Chen

Lou

et al. 2022

Advanced Materials

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efficiency (PCE) of rigid-substrate-based devices has exceeded 25%. [2] Meanwhile, flexible devices have also reached the highest PCE of 21.05%. [3] The merits of PSCs, such as low cost, suitable bandgaps for indoor light sources such as lightemitting diodes (LEDs), and simply fabricating flexible devices, [4][5][6][7] also enhance the indoor commercialization possibility. [8] In the past several years, research on indoor photovoltaics has also accelerated, which promotes the realization of the idea of the indoor Internet of Things (IoT) in the future. [9] The surfaces of indoor small electronic devices are usually irregularly curved. Compared to devices with rigid substrates, flexible devices can better fit the surface of small electrical appliances, which can increase the effective functional area and widen the application field range. [10] As the demand for adaptation to various indoor application scenarios, the mechanical stability of flexible devices is a very important concern. [11][12][13][14] Herein, we get inspiration from the balloon glue. The reason that balloon glue can deform so sharply but not break contributes to the cross-linking agent borax (Na 2 B 4 O 7 ). Borax is a common crosslinking agent that has excellent flexibility. The oxygen ion groups at both sides of the molecule can form stronger coordination bonds with lead than the lead-iodine bond, thereby acting as a stretch bridge at grain boundaries of perovskite films. We conducted physical tensile tests and extreme temperature variation tests (−180 to 150 °C) on the optimized films and found that the treated films exhibited better mechanical stability and phase stability. To prove the indoor application prospects of flexible devices, we first systematically reported the trap density of states of flexible devices under different light intensities. It is found that the trap density of formamidinium-lead-iodide (FAPbI 3 )-based perovskite is reduced after optimization, which is more suitable for indoor applications. [15,16] Meanwhile, since the improved film formation quality of perovskite contributed to passivation treatment of borax, the champion PCE of optimized rigid and flexible PSCs reached 23.05% and 21.63%, respectively, under AM 1.5G illumination. Moreover, the flexible device presents an a superior indoor PCE of 31.85% under 1062 lux (LED, 2956 K), which is currently the best flexible perovskite indoor photovoltaic device.Perovskite photovoltaics are strong potential candidates to drive low-power off-grid electronics for indoor applications. Compared with rigid devices, flexible perovskite devices can provide a more suitable surface for indoor small electronic devices, enabling them have a broader indoor application prospect. However, the mechanical stability of flexible perovskite photovoltaics is an urgent issue solved. Herein, a kind of 3D crosslinking agent named borax is selected to carry out grain boundary penetration treatment on perovskite film to realize full-dimensional stress release. This strategy improves the mechanical a...

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A Highly Tolerant Printing for Scalable and Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells

Cited by 49 publications

References 48 publications

Elimination of Interfacial Lattice Mismatch and Detrimental Reaction by Self‐Assembled Layer Dual‐Passivation for Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Elimination of Interfacial Lattice Mismatch and Detrimental Reaction by Self‐Assembled Layer Dual‐Passivation for Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Suppressing Residual Lead Iodide and Defects in Sequential‐Deposited Perovskite Solar Cell via Bidentate Potassium Dichloroacetate Ligand

Full‐Dimensional Grain Boundary Stress Release for Flexible Perovskite Indoor Photovoltaics

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