A highly stable and efficient magnetically recoverable and reusable Pd nanocatalyst in aqueous media heterogeneously catalysed Suzuki C–C cross‐coupling reactions

Abstract

Surface modification of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles with triethoxyethylcyanide groups was used for the immobilization of palladium nanoparticles to produce Fe 3 O 4 /Ethyl-CN/Pd. The catalyst was characterized using Fourier transform infrared, wavelengthdispersive X-ray, energy-dispersive X-ray and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, field-emission scanning electron and transmission electron microscopies, and X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometry and inductively coupled plasma analyses. In this fabrication, cyano groups played an important role as a capping agent. The catalytic behaviour of Fe 3 O 4 /Ethyl-CN/Pd nanoparticles was measured in the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction of various aryl halides (Ar-I, Ar-Br, Ar-Cl) with phenylboronic acid in aqueous phase at room temperature. Interestingly, the novel catalyst could be recovered in a facile manner from the reaction mixture by applying an external magnet device and recycled seven times without any significant loss in activity.

Environmental implications and applications of engineered nanoscale magnetite and its hybrid nanocomposites: A review of recent literature

“…The magnetically separable Pd nanocatalyst prepared by reacting palladium acetate with acetylacetonate-functionalized doubly silica-coated magnetic NPs is active for Suzuki cross-coupling reaction of acyl halides with boronic acids [176]. Surface modification of MNPs with triethoxyethylcyanide groups has been used for the immobilization of PdNPs to produce Fe3O4/Ethyl-CN/Pd for catalyzing the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction of various aryl halides (ArI, ArBr, ArCl) with phenylboronic acid in aqueous phase [177]. In another study, Pd-Fe3O4 composite NPs supported on graphene (Pd/Fe3O4/G) are used for Suzuki and Heck carbon-carbon coupling reactions [178].…”

Palladium‐anchored multidentate SBA‐15/di‐urea nanoreactor: A highly active catalyst for Suzuki coupling reaction

“…Biaryls have broad applications in the synthesis of natural products, advanced materials and pharmaceuticals . Recently various types of Pd‐anchored ligand‐based SBA‐15 have been reported for the synthesis of biaryl compounds . Cao and co‐workers described the synthesis of a Pd‐diimine@SBA‐15 catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura coupling through immobilizing Pd ions into the pore channels of diimine‐functionalized SBA‐15 mesoporous silica .…”

“…[36][37][38] Recently various types of Pd-anchored ligand-based SBA-15 have been reported for the synthesis of biaryl compounds. [39][40][41][42][43] Cao and co-workers described the synthesis of a Pd-diimine@SBA-15 catalyst for Suzuki-Miyaura coupling through immobilizing Pd ions into the pore channels of diimine-functionalized SBA-15 mesoporous silica. [2] Sarkar et al prepared a thiol-modified SBA-15-supported Pd catalyst for Suzuki coupling reaction under mild reaction conditions.…”

The Use of Palladium on Magnetic Support as Catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reactions

“…Although the aryl chlorides only engaged in the cross-coupling reaction under quite forcing conditions (120 • C). Catalyst 9 worked excellently for aryl bromides and aryl iodides, however, the yields were disappointingly low in the examples with aryl chlorides (yields ranging from 20% to 25%) ( Table 2, Entry 10) [59]. The catalyst prepared by Khakiani could be recycled seven times without significant loss in activity (the yield dropped by 1%-2%).…”