A Highly Sensitive Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP)-Coated Microwave Glucose Sensor

Abstract

A novel, low-cost, sensitive microwave microfluidic glucose detecting biosensor incorporating molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) is presented. The sensing device is based on a stub resonator to characterize water glucose solutions. The tip of one of the stubs is coated with MIP to increase the selectivity of the sensor and hence the sensitivity compared to the uncoated or to the coated with non-imprinted polymer (NIP) sensor. The sensor was fabricated on a FR4 substrate for low-cost purposes. In the presence of the MIP, the sensor loaded with a glucose solution ranging from 50 mg/dL to 400 mg/dL is observed to experience an absorption frequency shift of 73 MHz when the solutions flow in a microfluidic channel passing sensing area, while the lower limit of detection (LLD) of the sensor is discovered to be 2.4 ng/dL. The experimental results show a high sensitivity of 1.3 MHz/(mg/dL) in terms of absorption frequency.

Levodopa: From Biological Significance to Continuous Monitoring

“…This limitation may impact their ability to measure rapid changes, as their binding to the substrate is based on the equilibrium between levodopa concentration and the number of available binding sites. Several groups have developed continuous sensors for small molecules such as vancomycin and glucose using both aptamers and molecularly imprinted polymers. − Despite these few successful examples, a continuous sensor employing a nonenzymatic, affinity-based biosensing molecule has yet to be achieved. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there have been no reported instances of levodopa sensing using aptamers or antibodies.…”

Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Sensors for the Detection of Skeletal- and Cardiac-Muscle-Related Analytes

“…The sensor was selective to glucose, since no shift in frequency was observed when NIP, and solutions of mannose and galactose were used. The sensor response was linear in the range of 0.5 mg/mL–to 4 mg/mL of glucose with a lower limit of detection (LLD) of 24 pg/mL [ 93 ]. In another study, Sehit et al fabricated an MIP sensor for the detection of glucose by electropolymerization of o-PD (monomer), glucose (template), and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on a bare gold electrode.…”