A Highly Sensitive Intensity-Modulated Optical Fiber Magnetic Field Sensor Based on the Magnetic Fluid and Multimode Interference

Huang, Yi; Wang, Tingyun; Deng, Chuanlu; Zhang, Xiaobei; Pang, Fufei; Bai, Xuekun; Dong, Weilong; Wang, Liangjiang; Chen, Zhenyi

doi:10.1155/2017/9573061

Cited by 30 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Over the length of MMF, the multiple modes propagating with different phase and velocity interfere within MMF and the modulated transmission optical response at the end of the MMF is guided back to the output SMF. The transmittance (T) from the SMS sensor structure can be given as [21],…”

Section: Optimization Of Mf-cladded MMI Sensor For Its Dynamic Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic response of magnetic fluid-cladded MMI fiber optic sensor optimized for fourth self-imaging spectral response

Karki,

Khanikar,

Mullurkara

et al. 2024

Optical Waveguide and Laser Sensors III

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Even though the dynamic response of the magnetic fluid is well investigated by magnetic means and known for their high frequency response in MHz to GHz range, the same has not been explored as much by optical means in the context of optical fiber sensor platform. The use of magnetic fluid as sensing materials in various fiber optic senor platform is limited to DC magnetic field sensing. In this work, we present the results of magnetic fluid functionalized multimode interferometric fiber optic sensors for their efficacy in measuring the dynamic current induced magnetic field and their limitations to AC frequency response imposed by optical spectrometer as interrogator unit, the response time of the sensing material and the sensor itself. The interferometric structure optimized for unique narrow linewidth spectral response, also known as "fourth self-imaging" in fiber optic platform has demonstrated response time to ~ 15ms enabling sensing of AC magnetic field and measured up to 10 Hz sinusoidal H-field within the peak-to-peak applied H-field of 30 Gauss. By further tailoring of magnetic nanoparticle's concentration in ferrofluid, it is anticipated that the sensors frequency response can be pushed to higher frequencies. The study extends the versatility of these magnetic field sensitive materials for their applications to AC-current and magnetic field sensing.

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Section: Optimization Of Mf-cladded MMI Sensor For Its Dynamic Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic response of magnetic fluid-cladded MMI fiber optic sensor optimized for fourth self-imaging spectral response

Karki,

Khanikar,

Mullurkara

et al. 2024

Optical Waveguide and Laser Sensors III

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“…Multimode interference (MMI) in optical fibers has been used for several practical applications viz. sensors [1][2][3], wavelength tunable laser sources [4,5], multi-wavelength laser sources [6], high power fiber lasers with good beam quality [7], and more recently as saturable absorbers (SAs) for Q-switching and mode-locking in different rare earth doped fiber lasers [8,9]. Mode-locking operation in fiber lasers using MMI based SA has been demonstrated in various operating regimes viz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vector dark–bright pulses from a ytterbium doped fiber laser mode-locked by nonlinear multimode interference

Gupta¹,

Singh²,

Mukhopadhyay³

et al. 2023

Laser Phys.

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We report dark–bright pulse pair generation from the ytterbium doped fiber laser mode-locked by cascaded nonlinear multimode interference (MMI) effect under an all-normal dispersion configuration. The MMI is implemented in a step index single mode–multimode–single mode fiber structure. The combination of two MMI structures, acting like a saturable absorber, has been used for stable mode-locking operation in the resonator. By adjusting the polarization controller attached to one of the MMI structure, stable dark–bright pulses are observed at fundamental, second and third harmonic repetition rates. The optical spectrum of the dark–bright pulses is doubly peaked at 1036.6 and 1040.6 nm with a spectral width ∼0.7 nm. The width of the dark pulses varied from 72 to 50 ns and that of the bright pulses from 30 to 14 ns when the pump power is increased from 102 to 170 mW at the fundamental repetition rate mode-locking. The darkness of the dark and intensity of bright pulses increase with the pump power. Dark and bright pulses in the pair are resolved by placing a polarizing component confirming their vector nature.

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“…The MF-based magnetometers are developed by using different fiber configurations e.g. tapered fiber [11][12][13], microstructured optical fibers [14], two-core fiber-based interferometers [15], MF coated optical fiber multimode interferometer [16], MF-filled Fabry-Perot interferometer [10], photonic crystal fiber [2], Sagnac interferometer [17], and fiber surface plasmon resonance (SPR) [18,19] or by filling the MF inside the micro-hole-arrays of photonic crystal fibers [20]. The overall performance of the sensors can be defined directly through the magnetic maneuvering of MNPs surrounding the fiber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small angles vector magnetometer based on anisotropic ferromagnetic nanofluid functionalized fiber interferometer

Kumar¹,

Sahu²,

Jha³

2022

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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As factories and vehicles become more automated, accurate and low-latency sensing of motor shaft speed and position is critical for process control, system reliability, and safety. To address these needs, a highly precise and fast vector magnetometer is required that has the capability to detect magnetic field variations also at tiny angles. We present the development of an ultrathin tapered fiber interferometer-based highly accurate sensor suspended in a magnetorheological fluid film, which holds the capability of simultaneously detecting magnetic field intensity and its direction in three-dimensional space. The sensing mechanism counts on the magnetism-regulatable effective index amendment of exciting asymmetric cladding modes in a nonadiabatic biconical tapered fiber interferometer. Based on the azimuth-dependent anisotropic distribution of nanoparticles surrounding the fiber, such a magnetometer has achieved the maximum magnetic field sensitivity of ~ 16.4 pm/mT at 0° whereas at small angles of ±1° and ±2° the sensitivities are observed of ~ ±14.6 pm/mT and ~ ±11.7 pm/mT, respectively over a larger span of 0 – 567 mT.

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A Highly Sensitive Intensity-Modulated Optical Fiber Magnetic Field Sensor Based on the Magnetic Fluid and Multimode Interference

Cited by 30 publications

References 26 publications

Dynamic response of magnetic fluid-cladded MMI fiber optic sensor optimized for fourth self-imaging spectral response

Dynamic response of magnetic fluid-cladded MMI fiber optic sensor optimized for fourth self-imaging spectral response

Vector dark–bright pulses from a ytterbium doped fiber laser mode-locked by nonlinear multimode interference

Small angles vector magnetometer based on anisotropic ferromagnetic nanofluid functionalized fiber interferometer

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