“…These methods are categorized based on the type of detection target: nucleic acid-based detection, virus isolation and identification, antigen detection, antibody detection, etc. (Alberini et al 2009;Chen et al 2008;Ho et al 2009;Moore et al 2010;Payungporn et al 2006;Xie et al 2006;Yang et al 2008) The most commonly used detection methods are nucleic acid-based detection, such as reverse-transcription PCR, Real-time PCR, RT-LAMP, antibody detection and antigen detection (Antarasena et al 2007;Deng et al 2011;He et al 2007;Kang et al 2010;Khurana et al 2011;Shahsavandi et al 2011;Yea et al 2010;Zhao et al 2010). However, most of these methods require specialized equipment and highly trained operators, and these detection processes are time consuming, thereby making them impractical for point-of-care (POCT) detection (Yager et al 2008 Quantum dots (QDs) have been broadly used for biological labeling and imaging due to their unique optical properties, i.e., a broad excitation spectrum and a narrow and symmetric emission peak (Lu et al 2011;Medintz et al 2005;Zhou et al 2011b).…”