A Highly Sensitive Hybrid Colorimetric and Fluorometric Molecular Probe for Cyanide Sensing Based on a Subphthalocyanine Dye

Abstract

A highly sensitive, selective colorimetric and fluorometric molecular probe based on a subphthalocyanine dye has been developed for cyanide‐anion determination in aqueous solution. It has also been shown that a carboxysubphthalocyanine derivative can be covalently anchored to transparent mesoporous nanocrystalline high‐surface‐area metal oxide films to detect low concentrations of cyanide anion in pure water with no interference from other anionic or cationic species.

Optical Sensor Based on Nanomaterial for the Selective Detection of Toxic Metal Ions

“…[14][15][16][17][18] However, in recent years, SBA-15 and MCM-41 have attracted significant interest for the development of optical chemical sensors. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Although these materials offer considerable advantages over other methods in the area of sensing technologies, there is still a growing demand to solve one of the major technological challenges in nano-optical sensors: the detection and determination of environmentally important toxic species at a low level of concentration with a rapid-assessment process.…”

An efficacious “naked-eye” selective sensing of cyanide from aqueous solutions using a triarylmethane leuconitrile

“…Doses as low as 0.5-3.5 mg/kg of body weight are considered lethal to mammals [3] and concentrations greater than 1.9 lM are considered unsafe for drinking water as per WHO guidelines [4]. The presence of cyanide in foods and plants, effluents of metallurgy, gold mining and electroplating industries [5] can contaminate water resources and cause accidental or intentional exposure of cyanide [6] leading to serious consequences.Numerous methods for the detection of micromolar amounts of cyanide relying on the principles of chemiluminescence [7,8], electrochemistry [9], spectroscopic and spectrofluorimetric techniques [10][11][12], biosensors [13] and flow injection analysis [14] based on the rationale of hydrogen bonding interactions, metal coordination, or the formation of covalent bonds have been described. Most of these strategies, however, require cumbersome preparative procedures of a sensing molecule and/or unwieldy sample preparations or necessitate sophisticated instrumentation.…”

Cyanide Sensing with Organic Dyes: Studies in Solution and on Nanostructured Al2O3 Surfaces

“…The advantages of doing this is that dip-in sensing is then possible (which is much more practical), and as we and others have previously demonstrated, [26,27] receptors that are not soluble in water (as is the case with 1) once supported onto films, can be exposed to aqueous solutions of the analytes to be measured.…”

“…[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Methods based on anion-induced changes of the optical properties (either absorption or emission) of a receptor are especially attractive. Recent examples that use this approach have been reported by the groups of Geddes, [19][20][21] Martinez-MaÇez, [22][23][24][25] Palomares [26,27] and Raymo [9,28] amongst others. [29][30][31][32][33] In spite of these developments there are still relatively few examples of selective probes for cyanide owing to high interference from other anions, in particular, fluoride.…”

“…In addition, in most of the current methods the chemical sensors have to be in solution to perform sensing. Only in a few cases has sensing been reported to take place over a surface or film, [27,35,36] which is very convenient for quick and easy detection of the anion.…”