Abstract:A flexible pressure sensor with high sensitivity has been proposed which consists of a typical sandwich structure by integrating a PDMS substrate with a micro-arrayed PDMS dielectric layer.
“…These demonstrate the lack of functionality of the sensing materials, which limit their practical applications [ 16 ]. Recently, a variety of flexible tactile sensors have been developed based on different operational sensing mechanisms, including piezoresistive-based [ 17 , 18 ], piezoelectric-based [ 19 , 20 ], capacitive based [ 21 , 22 ], and optical based sensors [ 23 ]. Among them, flexible piezoresistive sensors, which are based on transducing the external mechanical pressure into resistance variation outputs, have attracted considerable attention, due to their simple structure, low-cost, and easy signal processing [ 9 , 24 ].…”
Recently, flexible tactile sensors based on three-dimensional (3D) porous conductive composites, endowed with high sensitivity, a wide sensing range, fast response, and the capability to detect low pressures, have aroused considerable attention. These sensors have been employed in different practical domain areas such as artificial skin, healthcare systems, and human–machine interaction. In this study, a facile, cost-efficient method is proposed for fabricating a highly sensitive piezoresistive tactile sensor based on a 3D porous dielectric layer. The proposed sensor is designed with a simple dip-coating homogeneous synergetic conductive network of carbon black (CB) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) composite on polydimethysiloxane (PDMS) sponge skeletons. The unique combination of a 3D porous structure, with hybrid conductive networks of CB/MWCNTs displayed a superior elasticity, with outstanding electrical characterization under external compression. The piezoresistive tactile sensor exhibited a high sensitivity of (15 kPa−1), with a rapid response time (100 ms), the capability of detecting both large and small compressive strains, as well as excellent mechanical deformability and stability over 1000 cycles. Benefiting from a long-term stability, fast response, and low-detection limit, the piezoresistive sensor was successfully utilized in monitoring human physiological signals, including finger heart rate, pulses, knee bending, respiration, and finger grabbing motions during the process of picking up an object. Furthermore, a comprehensive performance of the sensor was carried out, and the sensor’s design fulfilled vital evaluation metrics, such as low-cost and simplicity in the fabrication process. Thus, 3D porous-based piezoresistive tactile sensors could rapidly promote the development of high-performance flexible sensors, and make them very attractive for an enormous range of potential applications in healthcare devices, wearable electronics, and intelligent robotic systems.
“…These demonstrate the lack of functionality of the sensing materials, which limit their practical applications [ 16 ]. Recently, a variety of flexible tactile sensors have been developed based on different operational sensing mechanisms, including piezoresistive-based [ 17 , 18 ], piezoelectric-based [ 19 , 20 ], capacitive based [ 21 , 22 ], and optical based sensors [ 23 ]. Among them, flexible piezoresistive sensors, which are based on transducing the external mechanical pressure into resistance variation outputs, have attracted considerable attention, due to their simple structure, low-cost, and easy signal processing [ 9 , 24 ].…”
Recently, flexible tactile sensors based on three-dimensional (3D) porous conductive composites, endowed with high sensitivity, a wide sensing range, fast response, and the capability to detect low pressures, have aroused considerable attention. These sensors have been employed in different practical domain areas such as artificial skin, healthcare systems, and human–machine interaction. In this study, a facile, cost-efficient method is proposed for fabricating a highly sensitive piezoresistive tactile sensor based on a 3D porous dielectric layer. The proposed sensor is designed with a simple dip-coating homogeneous synergetic conductive network of carbon black (CB) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) composite on polydimethysiloxane (PDMS) sponge skeletons. The unique combination of a 3D porous structure, with hybrid conductive networks of CB/MWCNTs displayed a superior elasticity, with outstanding electrical characterization under external compression. The piezoresistive tactile sensor exhibited a high sensitivity of (15 kPa−1), with a rapid response time (100 ms), the capability of detecting both large and small compressive strains, as well as excellent mechanical deformability and stability over 1000 cycles. Benefiting from a long-term stability, fast response, and low-detection limit, the piezoresistive sensor was successfully utilized in monitoring human physiological signals, including finger heart rate, pulses, knee bending, respiration, and finger grabbing motions during the process of picking up an object. Furthermore, a comprehensive performance of the sensor was carried out, and the sensor’s design fulfilled vital evaluation metrics, such as low-cost and simplicity in the fabrication process. Thus, 3D porous-based piezoresistive tactile sensors could rapidly promote the development of high-performance flexible sensors, and make them very attractive for an enormous range of potential applications in healthcare devices, wearable electronics, and intelligent robotic systems.
“…They refer to the organized arrays of water droplets that form when humid air comes in contact with cold solid or liquid surfaces.Fig. 4Patterned elastomer based strain/pressure sensor with varied approaches (i) Conducting polymer induced enhanced conductivity(Reproduced by permission from [49] Copyright 2014, Wiley ) (ii) rGO/PDMS patterned (Reproduced by permission from [58] Copyright 2016, Springer ) (iii) Plasma induced electrode defined on wrinkled PDMS (Reproduced by permission from [50] Copyright 2018, Royal Society of Chemistry ) (iv) Compound elastomer pattern with complimentary rGO/PDMS films (Reproduced by permission from [47] Copyright 2014, Wiley ) (v) Patterned PDMS with breath figures (Reproduced by permission from [51] Copyright 2014, IOP science )…”
Section: Evolution Of Sensor Device Architecturementioning
Sensors are becoming more demanding in all spheres of human activities for their advancement in terms of fabrication and cost. Several methods of fabrication and configurations exist which provide them myriad of applications. However, the advantage of fabrication for sensors lies with bulk fabrication and processing techniques. Exhaustive study for process advancement towards miniaturization from the advent of MEMS technology has been going on and progressing at high pace and has reached a highly advanced level wherein batch production and low cost alternatives provide a competitive performance. A look back to this advancement and thus understanding the route further is essential which is the core of this review in light of nanomaterials and printed technology based sensors. A subjective appraisal of these developments in sensor architecture from the advent of MEMS technology converging present date novel materials and process technologies through this article help us understand the path further.
“…for the last many decades. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] In the past, many authors, including our group have reported lead-based materials for suitable pressure sensors in the low and high-pressure range, where a signicant change in dielectric constant, piezoelectric coefficient and capacitive reactance was observed as a function of pressure. [1][2][3][5][6][7]13,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] However, the effect of pressure on change in dielectric constant was not as signicant that it can be realized for real high-pressure sensor devices.…”
The PBiZT ceramic shows giant change in dielectric constant (∼70%) and capacitive reactance (56%), suggesting its possible application as a pressure sensor.
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