“…Magnesium ion, a critical metal ion in biological systems, is known to be present in every organism and plays crucial roles in diverse biological processes such as stabilization of all polyphosphate compounds in the cell, enzyme-associated biochemical reactions and skeletal development. [1][2][3] Alternatively, an imbalance of Mg 2+ can promote various diseases such as muscle dysfunction, hypertension, osteoporosis, and cerebral infarction. [4,5] Conversely, Cd 2+ is mainly used in industrial areas such as metal mining and Ni-Cd batteries [6] ; however, Cd 2+ is known to be a harmful metal.…”