A highly scalable dielectric metamaterial with superior capacitor performance over a broad temperature

Abstract

Although many polymers exhibit excellent dielectric performance including high energy density with high efficiency at room temperature, their electric and dielectric performance deteriorates at high temperatures (~150°C). Here, we show that nanofillers at very low volume content in a high-temperature (high–glass transition temperature) semicrystalline dipolar polymer, poly(arylene ether urea), can generate local structural changes, leading to a marked increase in both dielectric constant and breakdown field, and substantially reduce conduction losses at high electric fields and over a broad temperature range. Consequently, the polymer with a low nanofiller loading (0.2 volume %) generates a high discharged energy density of ca. 5 J/cm3 with high efficiency at 150°C. The experimental data reveal microstructure changes in the nanocomposites, which, at 0.2 volume % nanofiller loading, reduce constraints on dipole motions locally in the glassy state of the polymer, reduce the mean free path for the mobile charges, and enhance the deep trap level.

Waterborne Nanocomposites with Enhanced Breakdown Strength for High Energy Storage

“…The results suggest that the largely formed crystallites have strong dielectric response to the applied electric field owing to the spontaneous orientation of dipoles in the crystalline domains, and thus contribute predominately to the increase of dielectric constant. This mechanism is supported by the experiment results of Zhang et al 40…”

The search for enhanced dielectric strength of polymer‐based dielectrics: A focused review on polymer nanocomposites

“…Their challenges remain to be dielectric strength, dielectric loss, and high‐quality film processing. [ 46–58 ] The third type of dielectric material underway is nanocomposites that leverage a high‐performance dielectric polymer to host proper nanofillers using ingenuous processing methods. The challenges are associated with low dielectric strength, mechanical strength, and scale‐up of composite films.…”

Dielectric films for high performance capacitive energy storage: multiscale engineering

“…50 However, this is at the sacrifice of fabrication efficiency. A "layer-by-layer" deposition (LLD) strategy was proposed recently, which combines (1) [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] quencies (e.g. ∼50 Hz) to form a monolayer (unit-cell thick) in 10-20 ms, and (2) a long interval (>1 s) for full relaxation and reconstruction of the monolayer towards stable structure (Fig.…”

“…26 By introducing high-ε r ceramic fillers and modifying the filler composition, morphology and distribution, polymer-based composite dielectrics can realize U e of 10-30 J cm −3 . [27][28][29][30] Oxide dielectric thin films with thicknesses at the nano or submicron scale have come to the fore in the last decade and they exhibit huge potential for unprecedentedly high-performance in terms of energy storage. Fig.…”