A Highly Hydrophilic and Biodegradable Novel Poly(amide-imide) for Biomedical Applications

Abstract

A novel biodegradable poly(amide-imide) (PAI) with good hydrophilicity was synthesized by incorporation of L-glycine into the polymer chain. For comparison purposes, a pure PAI containing no L-glycine was also synthesized with a three-step method. In this study, we evaluated the novel PAI's thermal stability, hydrophilicity, solubility, biodegradability and ability to support bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) adhesion and growth by comparing with the pure PAI. The hydrophilic tests demonstrated that the novel PAI has possible hydrophilicity at a 38 • water contact angle on the molecule surface and is about two times more hydrophilic than the pure PAI. Due to an extra unit of L-glycine in the novel PAI, the average degradation rate was about 2.4 times greater than that of the pure PAI. The preliminary biocompatibility studies revealed that all the PAIs are cell compatible, but the pure PAI exhibited much lower cell adhesion than the L-glycine-incorporated novel PAI. The hydrophilic surface of the novel PAI was more suitable for cell adhesion, suggesting that the surface hydrophilicity plays an important role in enhancing cell adhesion and growth.

The effect of silicon groups on the physicochemical property and bioactivity of L‐phenylalanine derived poly(amide‐imide)

“…The N,N′‐(4,4′‐diphthaloyl)‐bis‐L‐phenylalanine as a di‐acid monomer and L‐phenylalanine derived PAI (PAI 2c) as a comparison polymer were synthesized according to our previous published article 15 . N,N′‐(4,4′‐diphthaloyl)‐bis‐L‐phenylalanine and ODA (9.8 mmol) were added to the molten TBAB to form a homogeneous solution.…”

“…The N,N 0 -(4,4 0 -diphthaloyl)-bis-L-phenylalanine as a di-acid monomer and L-phenylalanine derived PAI (PAI 2c) as a comparison polymer were synthesized according to our previous published article. 15 N,N 0 -(4,4 0 -diphthaloyl)-bis-L-phenylalanine and ODA (9.8 mmol) were added to the molten TBAB to form a homogeneous solution. TPP (80 mmol) was then added drop-wise with stirring, and the mixture was refluxed at 110 C for 2.5 h in a pure nitrogen atmosphere to form the amide linkages between the carboxylic groups on diacid monomer and the amine groups on ODA.…”

“…Its biomedical application has been recently probed in bioimaging and drug delivery 12,13 . In our previous study, the L‐phenylalanine derived PAI (PAI 2c) was designed, synthesized, and exhibited better hydrophilicity, degradability, mechanical flexibility, and biocompatibility than those of the PAI 2c, 14,15 but lack of suitable niche and regenerative microenvironment limited the further application in tissue regeneration. In fact, it is still a challenge to get a good balance between biological activity and mechanical prosperity.…”

Mechanical Properties and Degradation Rate of Poly(Sorbitol Adipate-Co-Dioladipate) Copolymers Obtained with a Catalyst-Free Melt Polycondensation Method

“…Utilizing degradable plastics, ideally made from renewable resources, is the obvious the first step in addressing this problem. The class of polyesters with (bio)degradable qualities now dominates various application domains [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Different types of enzymes, such as esterase, cutinase, and lipase, are known as being highly active for the degradation of polyester-based polymers [ 7 ].…”