A highly efficient β‐nucleating agent for impact‐resistant polypropylene copolymer

Liu, Yimin; Tong, Zaizai; Xu, Jun‐Ting; Fu, Zhisheng; Fan, Zhiqiang

doi:10.1002/app.40753

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The presence of β‐NAs (BE0) slightly increases the storage modulus of the iPP, maybe due to the increased crystallinity induced by β‐NAs. The same phenomenon was also reported by Liu et al The increase of EPDM content causes the drop of the storage modulus of β‐nucleated iPP blends, because of the low modulus of EDPM. Whereas, the storage modulus of all the β‐nucleated iPP/EPDM blends is slightly improved in the presence of CNTs (Figure B).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Great improvement of low‐temperature impact resistance of isotactic polypropylene/ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber blends by traces of carbon nanotubes and β‐nucleating agents

Fan

Zhang

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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In this work, a considerable low-temperature toughness enhancement of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) was achieved by adding 30 wt% ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM) as well as traces of β-nucleating agent (β-NAs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The impact strength of the iPP/30 wt% EPDM blend with 0.1 wt% β-NAs reached 6.57 kJ/m 2 at −20°C, over 2.5 times of pure iPP. A slightly improved impact strength was further found in the β-nucleated iPP/30 wt% EPDM at the presence of 0.05 wt% CNTs. The presence of traces of CNTs, β-NAs, and EPDM displayed synergistic low-temperature toughness reinforcement effect on the iPP blends. The underlying toughening mechanism was attributed to the formation of a great amount of voids and plastic deformation of iPP matrix affected by CNTs, β-NAs, and EPDM.Our work provided a feasible strategy to significantly increase the low-temperature toughness of iPP. methods. The addition of β-nucleating agents (β-NAs) proved to be the most effective method to induce many β-crystals in iPP. Copious amounts of studies have revealed that the introduction of β-NAs can only significantly improve the room-temperature toughness of iPP. 12-15 For instance, Grein et al 16 found that the sole addition of β-NAs was insufficient to enhance the low-temperature toughness of iPP, and the fracture behavior is susceptible to the crystalline structure only when the test temperature exceeded the glass transition temperature. Likewise, the tensile strength and modulus of β-iPP were also deteriorated, due to the loosely stacking crystal structure of β-crystals. The rigid nanofillers like calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were usually acted as the reinforcement fillers for polymers. 17-20 Liu et al 21 observed that the tensile strength and Young's modulus of iPP/CNT nanocomposites with 3 wt% CNTs were improved by 72 and 37%, respectively, as compared with pure iPP. Interestingly, the rigid nanofillers also showed the potential to enhance the impact toughness of iPP. Wang et al 22 reported that iPP nanocomposites with 0.5 wt% CNTs demonstrated the improved impact strength by 27% compared with the pure iPP. As a matter of fact, either one aforementioned factors is not enough to significantly improve the low-temperature toughness of iPP. Thus, a few studies were carried out to incorporate two of above factors. Kotek et al 23 investigated the synergistic effect of ethylenepropylene copolymer (EPR) and β-NAs on the low-temperature toughness of iPP and found that the elongation at break of the β-nucleated iPP/EPR blends was increased by 121% at a low temperature (−40°C). Hu et al 24 observed that the iPP blends containing β-NAs and ethylene-octene copolymer exhibited excellent low-temperature impact toughness compared with pure iPP and revealed the combined effects of matrix crystalline structure and the amorphous chain mobility on the low-temperature toughness of the blends. Nonetheless, there are only a few publication focused on the low-temperature toughness of iPP, not even to mention t...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Great improvement of low‐temperature impact resistance of isotactic polypropylene/ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber blends by traces of carbon nanotubes and β‐nucleating agents

Fan

Zhang

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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“…Double or multiple crystallization processes frequently occur in ceramics, alloys, colloidal particles, and polymers. − Polymers provide excellent examples to study the concomitant crystallization behavior because of the existence of different nucleation mechanisms, polymorphism, inhomogeneous spatial environment, and nonuniform chain structure. − For instance, fractional crystallization upon cooling from melt can be observed when the crystalline polymers are dispersed in domains with huge differences in size and thus are nucleated via different mechanisms. − Polymorphism means that more than one crystalline form is formed in the solid state of the same substance, which can happen in many polymers, including polypeptides, isotactic polypropylene (iPP), polyesters, syndiotactic polystyrene, and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF). − Another example is that, when the polymer chain structure (such as comonomer and tacticity) is not uniform, the polymers with different chain structures may crystallize at the same temperature in a similar time scale, forming crystals with different lamellar thicknesses, melting temperatures, and fusion enthalpies. , Moreover, stepwise crystallization behavior was observed in the ultrathin films of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), resulting from the different glass transition relaxations in the bulk and surface layers …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Generalized Avrami Equation for Crystallization Kinetics of Polymers with Concomitant Double Crystallization Processes

Wang

Zou

Jiang

et al. 2017

Crystal Growth & Design

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Concomitant double crystallization processes widely occur in semicrystalline polymers and their blends because of structural and morphological heterogeneity. In this work, a generalized kinetics model was established for the isothermal crystallization in the presence of concomitant double crystallization processes, based on the Avrami theory for single crystallization process. The different situations of the double crystallization processes, including independent, competitive, and composite types, are considered in the model by introducing the concept of "domains". This model was applied to crystallization of triblock terpolymer with morphological defects, polymorphic poly(vinylidene fluoride)/nanoclay nanocomposite, isotactic polypropylene with a broad isotacticity distribution, and poly(ethylene terephthalate) ultrathin film. It is found that, besides the information on crystallization kinetics, other information such as morphological defect, nucleation density, cocrystallization, and structure of ultrathin film can also be provided by this model.

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“…In previous literature, various β ‐NAs have been reported, such as: γ ‐quinacridone E3B, Indigosol Grey IBL and Cibantine Blue 2B pigments, calcium salts of suberic or pimelic acid, calcium tetrahydrophthalate, dicyclohexylterephthalamide, p ‐cyclohexylamidecarboxybenzene, the most commonly used N , N ′‐dicyclohexylnaphthalene‐2,6‐dicarboxamide and others …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel polypropyleneβ‐nucleating agent with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane core: synthesis and application

Barczewski

Dobrzyńska‐Mizera

Dutkiewicz

et al. 2016

Polymer International

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Synthesis and nucleation ability of a novel silsesquioxane‐based β‐nucleating agent for isotactic polypropylene (iPP) are presented. A silsesquioxane cage (POSS) was octa‐functionalized with a commercially used nucleating agent, namely N2,N6‐dicyclohexylnaphthalene‐2,6‐dicarboxamide (NU‐100), and used as a carrier with the ability to promote crystallization of β‐phase in polypropylene matrix. Presented results include the synthesis route of the β‐nucleating agent (SF‐B01) and a description of its nucleation ability in iPP. The influence of SF‐B01 on iPP matrix was examined using differential scanning calorimetry, wide‐angle X‐ray scattering and static tensile tests. Investigations were complemented with polarized light optical microscopy upon non‐isothermal crystallization of composites as well as scanning electron microscopy to qualitatively assess the filler distribution. Polypropylene samples modified with different amounts of NU‐100 were used as reference. Modification carried out with both nucleating agents reveals their comparable efficiency, i.e. a structure rich in β‐phase is obtained in both cases. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry

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A highly efficient β‐nucleating agent for impact‐resistant polypropylene copolymer

Cited by 15 publications

References 66 publications

Great improvement of low‐temperature impact resistance of isotactic polypropylene/ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber blends by traces of carbon nanotubes and β‐nucleating agents

Great improvement of low‐temperature impact resistance of isotactic polypropylene/ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber blends by traces of carbon nanotubes and β‐nucleating agents

A Generalized Avrami Equation for Crystallization Kinetics of Polymers with Concomitant Double Crystallization Processes

Novel polypropyleneβ‐nucleating agent with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane core: synthesis and application

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