“…15,16 As we all know, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy have been employed for the sensitive determination of trace metal ions in different environment samples. 17,18 However, the electrochemical activity of glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) has poor selectivity, sensitivity, and repeatability to real samples as a result of delayed charge transfer kinetics, interference of coexisting metal ions, and low catalytic activity. To enhance the electrochemical activity, the GCE needs to be functionalized through different active substances (metal nanoparticles or carbon nanomaterials, etc.)…”