A highly efficient and sulfur-tolerant Pd2Si/CNTs catalyst for hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophenes

“…Pd supported on carbon nanotubes (Pd/CNT) was also silicidized by addition of dichlorodimethylsilane solution to the Pd/CNT catalyst in a furnace at 500 °C via the chemical vapor deposition approach. The formed Pd 2 Si/CNT demonstrated strong resistance to sulfur poisoning, and the Pd modification with Si redirected the reaction pathway to DDS . The high sulfur tolerance is likely attributed to the formation of electron deficient Pd, due to the donation of an electron to silicon (Pd–Si interaction), as depicted in Figure …”

Section: Synthesis Strategymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…(b) XPS of the Si2 p region, (c) the calculated electron localization function map, and (d) the calculated total electronic DOS of Pd 2 Si. Reprinted with permission from ref . Copyright 2019 Elsevier.…”

Section: Synthesis Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts: A Review of Design and Synthesis

2019

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Proliferating energy consumption, particularly of fossil fuels, has led to an increasing generation of pollutants; many of these harmful products have been of serious environmental concern. While energy demand will continue to grow due to massive urbanization and industrialization, the ability to remove such pollutants has not yet been achieved. Therefore, policies are always being reviewed to accommodate the existing reality of minimizing the amount of pollutants released to the environment on a daily basis. Sulfur dioxide, a major environmental pollutant, gets to the environment through the combustion of sulfur-containing fuel in the engine of automobiles. Over the years, regulatory bodies such as the European Emission Standard have set limits to the amount of sulfur in transportation fuel to safeguard the environment. Lately, the limit for clean fuel specification with respect to sulfur content is set to nearly zero ppm. This policy came at a time when crude oil experienced a large decline in price, in addition to increased sulfur content and daily fluctuations of crude density. Compliance with this tight regulation will mean that refineries are expected to either modify their hydrotreating unit, which is capital intensive, or adopt robust catalysts, through research, that can work in tandem with the existing conventional hydrotreating catalysts to reduce the sulfur level to the required limit. This urgent demand has once more drawn the attention of the scientific community. Since there has been a great stock of research outcomes with respect to catalysts for hydrodesulfurization application in recent times, our aim is to collect and review those recent articles on hydrodesulfurization catalyst design and development. The tutorial review is therefore intended to cover a basic hydrodesulfurization overview, followed by detailed discussions on the recent development in the choice of active phases, their supports, and synthesis strategies. The work is expected to guide researchers, especially beginners that are interested in refinery hydrotreatment, on the recent development in hydrodesulfurization catalyst design and development.

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“…Lately, intermetallic based silicides representing non-sulfided catalysts such as Ni x Si y is an alternative to sulfided-based series catalysts. [161][162][163][164] The intermetallic silicides is potentially designed as sulfur tolerance HDS catalysts, owing to the formation of an electron-deficient Ni by the NiÀ Si interaction in the silicide framework as shown in Figure 14 scheme. The catalyst is usually prepared by silicification of silane (SiH 4 ) under temperature-programmed environment with low surface area (< 20 m 2 /g).…”

Section: Active Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical Hybrid Supports and Synthesis Strategies for Hydrodesulfurization of Recalcitrance Organosulfur Compounds

Ganiyu

2021

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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It is undisputed that there is a paradigm shift in the global trend of crude oil towards being more sour and heavier than usual light sources. Consequently, the hydrotreating activity becomes a bottleneck with high content of S, N, metals and other impurities than expected. On the other hand, the price of petroleum products lately witnessed instability and fell to the lowest average price (<USD 20) in recent times. In the same vein, the regulation to control the emission of toxic compounds in the atmosphere become stricter as promulgated by various policymakers. In this sense, robust hydrotreating catalysts with characteristics efficient catalytic activity, selectivity and stability are highly desirable. Recently, different approaches have been used to improve and cushion the unprecedented effect emanated from economic, social and environmental challenges posed by heavy and sour crude sources, price instability of the refined products and regulation to lower the sulfur to minimum level or zero parts per millions (ppm). Importantly, the role of support in catalysis cannot be over emphasized, whilst the surface area and porosity, mechanical and thermal stability, dispersion of active metals, acidity/basicity have been greatly improved, the increased activity, stability and selectivity has been observed significantly. In this review, hybrid supports based on aluminosilicates (zeolitic types) and other notable supports from recent literatures were explored and discussed for Ni(Co)Mo(W) supported catalysts for hydrodesulfurization (HDS) activity of heavy organosulfur molecules. The emphasis on the hybrid supports’ varied characteristics for HDS of organosulfur molecules, where there are necessities for fast diffusion of reactants and products, better dispersion of MoS2 crystallites, high surface area and pore volume, and increased acidity of the catalysts are greatly emphasized. Furthermore, the progress made so far on different HDS active phases viz. noble metals, metal phosphides, intermetallic silicides, carbides and iron‐zinc are highlighted in this write‐up, irrespective of the support composition in the supported catalysts formulations. The need for application of predictive tools, like machine learning (ML) in the design and development of HDS catalysts, and performance evaluation of HDS activity towards achieving better catalytic operation was briefly highlighted. Finally, the review will serve as a summary of scientific efforts in this regards and bridge a gap for the newcomers to investigate the topic in a better way through proper selection and efficient catalysts design.

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A highly efficient and sulfur-tolerant Pd2Si/CNTs catalyst for hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophenes

Cited by 28 publications

References 50 publications

Atomic layer deposition of nano-scale molybdenum sulfide within a metal–organic framework for highly efficient hydrodesulfurization

Atomic layer deposition of nano-scale molybdenum sulfide within a metal–organic framework for highly efficient hydrodesulfurization

Advanced Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts: A Review of Design and Synthesis

Hierarchical Hybrid Supports and Synthesis Strategies for Hydrodesulfurization of Recalcitrance Organosulfur Compounds

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