A highly efficient and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of tetrasubstituted imidazoles

An efficient multicomponent synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted and 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles catalyzed by a magnetic nanoparticle supported Lewis acidic deep eutectic solvent

“…[21][22][23][24] Various protocols for preparation of imidazoles via multicomponent reaction have been tested in literature, which employs a three-component reaction of 1,2-diketone or ketomonoxime, aldehyde, and ammonium acetate, or four-component reaction of 1,2-diketone, aldehyde, primary amines, and ammonium acetate. [25][26][27][28] Many of the synthetic approaches for the preparation of imidazoles suffer from one or more drawbacks such as drastic reaction conditions, low yields, by-products, prolonged reaction time, volatile organic solvent, tedious work-up processes, expensive and unrecyclable catalysts. [29][30][31][32] Thus, the development of efficient and environmentally benign catalysts is still highly desirable.…”

Organocatalyzed Solvent Free and Efficient Synthesis of 2,4,5‐Trisubstituted Imidazoles as Potential Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease

“…Nitrogen of ammonia attacked as a nucleophile at the protonated carbonyl group of aldehydes, and the diamine intermediate was formed. Benzil and diamine intermediate condensed to cyclic intermediate state which rearranged by a [1,5]‐H shift to the trisubstituted imidazoles …”

“…Benzil and diamine intermediate condensed to cyclic intermediate state which rearranged by a [1,5]-H shift to the trisubstituted imidazoles. [40][41][42]…”

K7Na3P2W18Cu4O68: A Mild, Efficient, and Reusable Catalyst for the One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,2,4,5‐Tetra Substituted Imidazoles

“…Recently, four-component condensation of benzil, benzaldehyde derivatives, primary amines, and ammonium acetate has been reported for this system using silicagel or zeolite HY [16], silicagel, NaHSO 4 [17], molecular iodine [18], K 5 CoW 12 O 40 ,3H 2 O [19], Keggin, Preyssler, and Wells-Dawson-type heteropolyacids [20][21][22], MCM-41 [23], HClO 4 -SiO 2 [24], BF 3 , SiO 2 [25], poly(AMPS-co-AA) [26], L-proline [27] high surface area [28], and InCl 3 , 3H 2 O [29], DABCO [30], Al 2 O 3 [31], MPS [32], zeolite Cu(NO 3 ) 2 [33], SBPPSA [34], N-methyl-2-pyrrolidonium hydrogen sulfate [35], PEG-400 [36], NaH 2 PO 4 [37], TFA [38], carbon based/solid acid [39], [Bmim]Br [40], Fe +3 -K10 [41], CU(OAc) 2 [42], CAN [43], FeCl 3 [44], NiCl 2 ⋅ 6H 2 O [45], Bronsted acidic ionic liquids [46], ZrCl 4 [47], and solid acid zirconium nanocatalyst [48]. ese methods have their own merits and drawbacks.…”