2002
DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20020902)114:17<3415::aid-ange3415>3.0.co;2-x
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A Highly Efficient and Flexible Synthesis of Substituted Carbazoles by Rhodium-Catalyzed Inter- and Intramolecular Alkyne Cyclotrimerizations

Abstract: Eine A→ABC‐ (oder A→ABCD‐)Ringbildungs‐Strategie erweist sich als äußerst effizient für den Aufbau substituierter Carbazole [Gl. (1); Ts=Tosyl]. Diese werden durch inter‐ und intramolekulare Alkincyclotrimerisierungen, vermittelt durch den Wilkinson‐Katalysator, aufgebaut, was diese Reaktion bedeutsam für die Natur‐ und Wirkstoffsynthese macht. Die hierzu benötigten Diine werden durch Kombinationen von Sonogashira‐ und N‐Ethinylierungsreaktionen in wenigen Stufen erhalten.

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Cited by 40 publications
(9 citation statements)
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“…Ynamides are also interesting reaction partners for cyclotrimerization or—more generally—[2+2+2] cycloadditions because the polarization of the triple bond can greatly affect the regiochemical outcome of such transformations. Indolines or carbazoles 122 are formed with high efficiency when starting from yne‐ynamides 121 (Scheme ) 17c,f. The regioselectivity of the reaction, which was shown to depend on steric interactions with the substituents of the yne‐ynamide, could be elegantly reversed by switching from the Wilkinson to the Grubbs catalyst, thereby producing 4,5‐ or 4,6‐disubstituted indolines selectively from terminal ynamides ( 121 , R′′=H) and alkynes ( 120 , R or R′=H) 17e…”
Section: Recent Developments In the Chemistry Of Ynamides: An Oceamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Ynamides are also interesting reaction partners for cyclotrimerization or—more generally—[2+2+2] cycloadditions because the polarization of the triple bond can greatly affect the regiochemical outcome of such transformations. Indolines or carbazoles 122 are formed with high efficiency when starting from yne‐ynamides 121 (Scheme ) 17c,f. The regioselectivity of the reaction, which was shown to depend on steric interactions with the substituents of the yne‐ynamide, could be elegantly reversed by switching from the Wilkinson to the Grubbs catalyst, thereby producing 4,5‐ or 4,6‐disubstituted indolines selectively from terminal ynamides ( 121 , R′′=H) and alkynes ( 120 , R or R′=H) 17e…”
Section: Recent Developments In the Chemistry Of Ynamides: An Oceamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Inamide sind auch interessante Reaktionspartner für Cyclotrimerisierungen oder – allgemeiner – [2+2+2]‐Cycloadditionen, denn ihre polarisierte Dreifachbindung kann den regiochemischen Verlauf der Reaktion erheblich beeinflussen. Ausgehend von den In‐Inamiden 121 werden die Indoline oder Carbazole 122 mit hoher Effizienz gebildet (Schema ) 17c,f. Die Regioselektivität der Reaktion beruht auf sterischen Wechselwirkungen der Substituenten des In‐Inamids und ließ sich elegant durch Wechsel vom Wilkinson‐ zum Grubbs‐Katalysator umkehren.…”
Section: Neueste Entwicklungen In Der Inamid‐chemie: Nahezu Unbegrunclassified
“…have reported the synthesis of enantioenriched [9]helicene‐like molecules through double [2+2+2] cycloaddition reactions,6 Shibata et al. have reported the enantioselective synthesis of chiral tripodal cage compounds through the [2+2+2] cycloaddition of branched triynes,7 and Witulski and Alayrac have reported the synthesis of fused carbazoles by alkyne cyclotrimerization reactions 8…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%