A Higher Blood Flow Window of Reduced Thrombogenicity and Acceptable Fragmentation in a Hollow Fiber Hemodialyzer

Dewanjee, Mrinal K.; Kapadvanjwala, Mansoor; MAO, WEI-WEI; JY, WENCHE; AHN, YEON; RUZIUS, KEES; GHAFOURIPOUR, ABDOL K.; Serafini, Aldo N.; Sfakianakis, George N.

doi:10.1097/00002480-199307000-00043

Cited by 4 publications

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“…Our systematic studies with 1-125-1abeled plasma proteins (serum albumin, fibrinogen, ~-thrombin, iramunoglobulin, and complement 5) demonstrated that plasma proteins are adsorbed in the hollow-fiber lumen instantaneously and reached a steady state within 5-10 minutes of circulation time [24,32]. The adsorbed adhesive proteins, for example, fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor, bind glycoprotein receptors of activated platelets to form platlet aggregates.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Both processes occur inside or outside the narrow fibers by shear-induced platelet fragmentation. Our previous studies with flow cytometry showed a linear relationship between blood flow and platelet fragmentation for both the roller pump and centrifugal pump [32]. The concentration of the platelet microparticle (PMP) increases with the flow rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The large multimeric glycoprotein (1-20 • 10 ~ Da), von Willebrand factor (vWf), mediates platelet adhesion and thrombus formation at the site of vascular injury in a specific temporal sequence [1,2,32]. It serves as a carrier for factor VIII procoagulant factor by forming a VIII/vWf complex, vWf absorbed on the subendothelial or biomaterial surface or site of the wound interacts with the platelet glycoprotein GP Ib-IX-V complex, initiating platelet adhesion and activating the GF iIb-IIIa complex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of thoracotomy and cardiopulmonary bypass on activated platelet and neutrophil dynamics and platelet emboli in a pig model

et al. 1996

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The effects of thoracotomy and components of extracorporeal circuits on dynamics of platelets and neutrophils were quantified with autologous In-111-labeled platelets (INPLT) and neutrophils (INN) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) operations in Yorkshire pigs. Cardiopulmonary bypass was carried out with a hollow-fiber oxygenator and an arterial filter in 48 pigs (30-35 kg; 12 unoperated controls for platelets and neutrophils; 12 sham operated controls; 12 with 180 minutes of CPB with platelets and neutrophils; 12 with 90 minutes of CPB and 90 minutes of reperfusion at 2.5-3.5 one/min. Platelets and neutrophils were labeled with In-111 tropolone and were injected intravenously: platelets at 24 hours and neutrophils at 15 minutes before CPB. All pigs were systemically heparinized [activated coagulation time (ACT) > 400 seconds]; CPB was instituted with a roller pump, oxygenator (OX; Bentley Univox, 1.8 m2), and arterial filter (AF; 0.025 m2) for durations of 180 minutes and 90 minutes of bypass, followed by 90 minutes of reperfusion. The kinetics and pooling of platelets and neutrophils were monitored by a Geiger probe. The adherent thrombi and neutrophils in the OX, AF, viscera, and brain were imaged with a gamma camera and were measured with an ion chamber and a gamma counter. The percentile distribution of labeled platelets and neutrophils expressed as the mean +/- standard deviation of injected dose in eight groups was calculated and statistical analyses were performed (ANOVA and paired t-test). Sham operation alone increased platelet retention in the lung, heart, and brain significantly (p < 0.001) over that of unoperated pigs. Neutrophil margination to lung immediately after injection was high; CPB and reperfusion altered the distribution in blood, viscera, and connective tissues. During CPB, an equilibrium among single platelets, platelet thrombi, and emboli was reached in the blood, oxygenator, arterial filter, perfused organs, and tissues. After CPB, the pulmonary neutrophil retention increased significantly (p < 0.001). Reperfusion of 90 minutes following 90 minutes of CPB decreased the level of neutrophils and increased the level of platelets in the lung. Only a small amount of platelets and neutrophils was retained in the oxygenator and arterial filter. Neutrophil retention in the OX and AF was higher than that of platelets. The small amount of retained neutrophils in the heart, kidneys, and brain suggested that cytokines, rather than marginated neutrophils alone, may play a major role in inflammatory insult to these organs during and after CPB. OX thrombi increased with the time of CPB; AF thrombus in both groups was almost similar. During CPB, AF functioned minimally as a thrombus trap with a small percent of retained thrombi; reperfusion post-CPB did not change the amount. Thoracotomy alone has a significant effect on platelet and neutrophil kinetics, and on the subsequent effect of thrombus formation, embolization, and neutrophil margination in organs during the CPB procedure.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of thoracotomy and cardiopulmonary bypass on activated platelet and neutrophil dynamics and platelet emboli in a pig model

et al. 1996

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“…This technique is only usable on in vitro models and is already problematic with serum because of the high absorbance of its constitutive proteins. The second technique is connected to the use of radiolabeled oligonucleotides ( 11, 13,15,18). Radiolabeled antisense oligonucleotides allow in vitro as well as in vivo studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Radiolabeled antisense oligonucleotides allow in vitro as well as in vivo studies. Some experiments have been reported (18) on living cells or tissues sections using scintiphotos but sensitivity and resolution appear poor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Analysis of the Degradation of an Oligonucleotide Protected by a Very Stable Hairpin

Réfrégiers¹,

Laigle²,

Jollès³

et al. 1996

Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics

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In vitro degradation of antisense oligonucleotides protected or not on their 3' side against enzymatic attack by a naturally forming hairpin has been studied by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). The two oligonucleotides d(5"TTCTCGCGAAGC3') forming the hairpin and d(5"TTCTCCGGAAGC3') as a control were labeled on their 5' side by tetramethylrhodamine and on their 3' side by fluorescein. Fluorescein has been shown not to hinder the hairpin formation and to give an additional protection against nucleases. The FRET technique proved adequate for an in situ study of these protected antisense oligonucleotides in living cells.

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Assessment of Dry Weight in Hemodialysis

Jaeger

Mehta²

1999

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

260

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Abstract. Fluid balance is an integral component of hemodialysis treatments to prevent under- or overhydration, both of which have been demonstrated to have significant effects on intradialytic morbidity and long-term cardiovascular complications. Fluid removal is usually achieved by ultrafiltration to achieve a clinically derived value for “dry weight.” Unfortunately, there is no standard measure of dry weight and as a consequence it is difficult to ascertain adequacy of fluid removal for an individual patient. Additionally, there is a lack of information on the effect of ultrafiltration on fluid shifts in the extracellular and intracellular fluid spaces. It is evident that a better understanding of both interdialytic fluid status and fluid changes during hemodialysis is required to develop a precise measure of fluid balance. This article describes the current status of dry weight estimation and reviews emerging techniques for evaluation of fluid shifts. Additionally, it explores the need for a marker of adequacy for fluid removal.

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A Higher Blood Flow Window of Reduced Thrombogenicity and Acceptable Fragmentation in a Hollow Fiber Hemodialyzer

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of thoracotomy and cardiopulmonary bypass on activated platelet and neutrophil dynamics and platelet emboli in a pig model

Effect of thoracotomy and cardiopulmonary bypass on activated platelet and neutrophil dynamics and platelet emboli in a pig model

Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Analysis of the Degradation of an Oligonucleotide Protected by a Very Stable Hairpin

Assessment of Dry Weight in Hemodialysis

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