A high-voltage compliant, electrode-invariant neural stimulator front-end in 65nm bulk-CMOS

Pepin, Eric; Uehlin, John P.; Micheletti, Daniel; Perlmutter, Steve I.; Rudell, Jacques C.

doi:10.1109/esscirc.2016.7598284

Cited by 11 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…An example system manufactured with CMOS technology enables both common mode and differential real time artifact cancelation (Smith et al, 2017). In combination with this, new CMOS stimulator front-ends are being developed which could allow for more scalable, integrated BCI devices with wireless, signal processing, and stimulator blocks (Pepin et al, 2016). Advances in this area will permit a better understanding of how the brain responds to electrical stimulation, as well as permit more complex closed loop applications (Zhou et al, 2018a) where neural activity in close temporal and spatial relation to the site of stimulation can be integrated into the control system.…”

Section: Enabling Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Electrical Stimulation in Electrocorticographic Brain–Computer Interfaces: Enabling Technologies for Input to Cortex

2019

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Electrocorticographic brain computer interfaces (ECoG-BCIs) offer tremendous opportunities for restoring function in individuals suffering from neurological damage and for advancing basic neuroscience knowledge. ECoG electrodes are already commonly used clinically for monitoring epilepsy and have greater spatial specificity in recording neuronal activity than techniques such as electroencephalography (EEG). Much work to date in the field has focused on using ECoG signals recorded from cortex as control outputs for driving end effectors. An equally important but less explored application of an ECoG-BCI is directing input into cortex using ECoG electrodes for direct electrical stimulation (DES). Combining DES with ECoG recording enables a truly bidirectional BCI, where information is both read from and written to the brain. We discuss the advantages and opportunities, as well as the barriers and challenges presented by using DES in an ECoG-BCI. In this article, we review ECoG electrodes, the physics and physiology of DES, and the use of electrical stimulation of the brain for the clinical treatment of disorders such as epilepsy and Parkinson’s disease. We briefly discuss some of the translational, regulatory, financial, and ethical concerns regarding ECoG-BCIs. Next, we describe the use of ECoG-based DES for providing sensory feedback and for probing and modifying cortical connectivity. We explore future directions, which may draw on invasive animal studies with penetrating and surface electrodes as well as non-invasive stimulation methods such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). We conclude by describing enabling technologies, such as smaller ECoG electrodes for more precise targeting of cortical areas, signal processing strategies for simultaneous stimulation and recording, and computational modeling and algorithms for tailoring stimulation to each individual brain.

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Section: Enabling Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%