A High Voltage CMOS Transceiver for Low-Field NMR with a Maximum Output Current of 1.4 A_pp

A CMOS-based NMR platform with arbitrary phase control and temperature compensation

“…Importantly, for time-domain averaging to work properly, the initial phase has to be constant across all individual NMR time traces. Today, most modern NMR spectrometers make use of quadrature detection (Keeler, 2013), allowing for both a receiver local oscillator (LO) frequency that equals the excitation frequency (homodyne detection) as well as an offset between the excitation and the receiver local oscillator 75 frequencies (low-IF detection) (H. Bürkle et al, 2020;Issadore et al, 2011;Hong and Sun, 2021). The former benefits from the intrinsically constant output phase but introduces a tradeoff between excitation efficiency (on-resonance vs. off-resonance excitation) and 1/f noise (on-resonance excitation results in zero IF while off-resonance excitation produces an intrinsic non-zero IF).…”

“…These devices are capable of chemical structure analysis and medical imaging with unprecedented spectral and spatial resolution. In low-field NMR, the development of chip-integrated CMOS-based NMR transceiver electronics (NMR-on-a-chip) (Sun et al, 2009;Ha et al, 2014;25 Grisi et al, 2015;Lei et al, 2016a;Handwerker et al, 2016;H. Bürkle et al, 2020) has led to portable NMR (pNMR) detection platforms based on permanent magnets, which are suitable for point-of-care applications (Lee et al, 2008;Liong et al, 2013;Ha et al, 2014;Lei et al, 2015;Lei et al, 2017;Lei et al, 2020).…”

“…The TX/RX transceivers were then also extended to high-field NMR by the use of on-chip wide-range frequency synthesizers (Kim et al, 2012;Grisi et al, 2015;Handwerker et al, 2016). More recent developments include improvements in the driving strength of the NMR-on-a-chip transceivers by the use of high-voltage CMOS technologies (H. Bürkle et al, 2020;H. Bürkle et al, 2021) 40 and the co-integration of electron spin resonance (EPR) electronics on a single chip to perform on-chip dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) experiments (Solmaz et al, 2020).…”

When the MOUSE leaves the house

“…But for others it is crucial. This includes the analysis of easel paintings (Presciutti et al, 2008;Fife et al, 2015;Angelova et al, 2016;Prati et al, 2019;Busse et al, 2020), frescoes , and mummies (Rühli et al, 2007;. A less obvious application is the analysis of moisture distributions, for example, in walls.…”

Reply on RC1

“…Their state-of-the-art has been surpassed by the development of smaller, single-chip based magnetic resonance transceivers (Zalesskiy et al, 2014;Ha et al, 2014;Ha et al, 2015;Grisi et al, 2015;Chu et al, 2017;Anders et al, 2017). In particular, a small monolithic spectrometer has been developed (Bürkle et al, 2020), which uses a high-voltage CMOS process with supply voltages up to 25 V for enhanced driving strength to combine the monolithic NMR-on-a-chip approach with macroscopic, cm-sized coils. This approach promises a 90°-pulse width of 5 µs for an echo time of 20 µs at a depth of access of 10 mm, rendering high-voltage NMR-ona-chip transceivers well suited for use in a compact all-in-one NMR-MOUSE sensor.…”