A high-voltage and stable zinc-air battery enabled by dual-hydrophobic-induced proton shuttle shielding

High-Energy and Long-Lived Zn–MnO2 Battery Enabled by a Hydrophobic-Ion-Conducting Membrane

“…To overcome the cross-contamination of hybrid electrolytes with different pHs, we propose and fabricate a hydrophobic TFSI − -conducting PILG membrane, which has been already verified in our recent work. 36 The PILG membrane consists of thus improving the stability of the membrane. 40,41 The prepared PILG membranes have a compact and smooth surface (Figure 2b,c), and the Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) demonstrate the successful fabrication of an ionic-liquid-based gel membrane, since the characteristic peaks belonging to [BMIM][TFSI] are detected (Figure 2d).…”

“…(1) The TFSI − ion is the common hydrophobic anion with low hydrated energy and high electrochemical/chemical stability, 36,42 which means that less dehydration energy is required when the TFSI − ions transport from the aqueous electrolyte into the hydrophobic PILG membrane. ( 2 − ) can also be considered as potential carriers to construct the hydrophobic membrane but are beyond the scope of this work.…”

“…Herein, to overcome the energy density and lifespan limitations of Zn–MnO 2 batteries, we propose and demonstrate a hybrid Zn–MnO 2 battery (HZMB), in which the acidic MnO 2 cathode and neutral Zn anode are separated by a dual-hydrophobic-induced membrane (polymer/ionic liquid/graphene; PILG). Unlike the water-permeable and commonly used ion-exchange membranes that allow hydrophilic ions, e.g., H + , Li + , Zn 2+ , and SO 4 2– ions to permeate into the membranes, , the PILG membrane repulses the adsorption of any hydrated ions and can only selectively absorb and transport hydrophobic bis­(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)­imide anions (TFSI – ), thereby avoiding the common cross-contamination in hybrid systems and ensuring the optimal reaction conditions for both the cathode and anode. , As a result, the HZMBs exhibit a high working voltage (2.05 V), a high discharge capacity (18 mAh cm –2 ), and long-term cycling capability (2275 h, 2000 cycles), as well as excellent rate performance (20 mA cm –2 ), which will break through the voltage, capacity, and cycling limitations of conventional Zn–MnO 2 batteries.…”

A brief history of zinc–air batteries: 140 years of epic adventures

“…84 Research clearly showed the effectiveness of the regulation of the solvation structures of metal ions. 85 On this basis, in 2018, Wang and co-workers came up with the idea of modulating the anode–electrolyte interfaces to regulate the solvation structures (Fig. 4d).…”

Direct Comparison using Coulomb Counting and Open Circuit Voltage Method for the State of Health Li-Po Battery

“…From the steady test conditions, the OCV discharging curve can be obtained. The two curves are then positioned at the same SOC and then averaged [37], [38]. The result is an OCV-SOC curve and with curve fitting we can get the equation in polynomial form.…”