A high utility integrated map of the pig genome

Humphray, Sean; Scott, Carol; Clark, Richard; Marron, Brandy M.; Bender, Clare; Camm, Nick; Davis, Jayne L.; Jenks, Andrew; Noon, Angela T.; Patel, Monali; Sehra, Harminder; Yang, Fengtang; Rogatcheva, Margarita B.; Milan, Denis; Chardon, Patrick; Rohrer, G. A.; Nonneman, Dan; Jong, Pieter J. de; Meyers, Stacey N.; Archibald, Alan; Beever, Jonathan E.; Schook, Lawrence B.; Rogers, Jane

doi:10.1186/gb-2007-8-7-r139

Cited by 139 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Given the genotypic and phenotypic similarities between pigs and humans (Humphray et al. 2007), it is likely that the two mammals share heat‐induced pathologies and thus studying hyperthermic injury in a pig model will dually benefit human health and agricultural production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute heat stress activated inflammatory signaling in porcine oxidative skeletal muscle

et al. 2017

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Despite well‐studied clinical manifestations, intracellular mechanisms of prolonged hyperthermic injury remain unclear, especially in skeletal muscle. Given muscle's large potential to impact systemic inflammation and metabolism, the response of muscle cells to heat‐mediated injury warrants further investigation. We have previously reported increased activation of NF‐κB signaling and increased NF‐κB and AP‐1‐driven transcripts in oxidative skeletal muscle following 12 h of heat stress. The purpose of this investigation was to examine early heat stress‐induced inflammatory signaling in skeletal muscle. We hypothesized that heat stress would increase NF‐κB and AP‐1 signaling in oxidative skeletal muscle. To address this hypothesis, 32 gilts were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups (n = 8/group): control (0 h: 21°C) or exposed to heat stress conditions (37°C) for 2 h (n = 8), 4 h (n = 8), or 6 h (n = 8). Immediately following environmental exposure pigs were euthanized and the red portion of the semitendinosus muscle (STR) was harvested. We found evidence of NF‐κB pathway activation as indicated by increased protein abundance of NF‐κB activator IKK‐α following 4 h and increased total NF‐κB protein abundance following 6 h of heat stress. Heat stress also stimulated AP‐1 signaling as AP‐1 protein abundance was increased in nuclear fractions following 4 h of heat stress. Interleukin‐6 protein abundance and activation of the JAK/STAT pathway were decreased in heat stressed muscle. These data indicate that heat stress activated inflammatory signaling in the porcine STR muscle via the AP‐1 pathway and early activation of the NF‐κB pathway.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute heat stress activated inflammatory signaling in porcine oxidative skeletal muscle

et al. 2017

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“…For a few species, such as dog [Lindblad-Toh et al, 2005], cattle [Bovine Genome Sequencing and Analysis Consortium et al, 2009] and horse [Wade et al, 2009], annotated sequence draft assemblies have been published, while the data for the remaining species are composed of partially annotated sequence scaffolds. The sequence information is supported, validated and chromosomally anchored by high-resolution whole genome linkage, radiation hybrid and/or cytogenetic maps which are available for most of the domestic species, viz., cat [Davis et al, 2009], dog [Breen et al, 2004], horse , cattle [Everts-van der Wind et al, 2004], pig [Humphray et al, 2007], and rabbit [Chantry-Darmon et al, 2006]. Despite these outstanding achievements, information about the PAR remains scarce.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Pseudoautosomal Region and Sex Chromosome Aneuploidies in Domestic Species

Raudsepp

Das²,

Avila³

et al. 2011

Sex Dev

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evidence about the likely involvement of PAR genes in placenta formation, early embryonic development and genomic imprinting are presented. Copyright © 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel The pseudoautosomal region (PAR) is a short region of sequence homology between the sex chromosomes and is involved in sex chromosome pairing, recombination and segregation in meiosis of the heterogametic sex. The region has been found in many plant and animal species, including mammals [Charlesworth et al., 2005;Ming and Moore, 2007].The mammalian PAR was discovered almost 80 years ago through studies of male meiosis in rats, where a synaptonemal complex between the X and Y was detected [Koller and Darlington, 1934]. Similar structures were soon found between the terminal ends of the X and Y chromosomes in several other eutherian species [Pathak and Elder, 1980], but not in marsupials [Sharp, 1982]. These observations have later been validated through detailed molecular genetic studies both in eutherian [Martin, 2006;Oliver-Bonet et al., 2006;Kauppi et al., 2011] and marsupial [Page et al., 2005[Page et al., , 2006 mammals.Whole or partial genome sequence data are available for almost all main domestic species -alpaca, cat, cat- Key WordsAneuploidy ؒ Domestic species ؒ Pseudoautosomal region ؒ Sex chromosomes ؒ X-monosomy ؒ X-trisomy AbstractThe pseudoautosomal region (PAR) is a unique and specialized segment on the mammalian sex chromosomes with known functions in male meiosis and fertility. Detailed molecular studies of the region in human and mouse show dramatic differences between the 2 PARs. Recent mapping efforts in horse, dog/cat, cattle/ruminants, pig and alpaca indicate that the PAR also varies in size and gene content between other species. Given that PAR genes escape X inactivation, these differences might critically affect the genetic consequences, such as embryonic survival and postnatal phenotypes of sex chromosome aneuploidies. The aim of this review is to combine the available information about the organization of the PAR in domestic species with the cytogenetic data on sex chromosome aneuploidies. We show that viable XO individuals are relatively frequently found in species with small PARs, such as horses, humans and mice but are rare or absent in species in which the PAR is substantially larger, like in cattle/ruminants, dogs, pigs, and alpacas. No similar correlation can be detected between the PAR size and the X chromosome trisomy in different species. Recent

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“…A complete genome sequencing is in progress for the pig [10], and the sequence of this genomic porcine region is now available (BACs CH242 68C14 & 13F23, Genbank CU076102 & CU041302). The CRAT gene extends over 13.7 kb, and on average, the intronic sequences are smaller in the pig gene than in human.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The carnitine acetyltransferase gene (CRAT): A characterization of porcine transcripts with insights into the 5’-end variants of mammalian transcripts and their possible sub-cellular localization

Robic¹,

Faraut²,

Liaubet³

et al. 2009

Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters

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Carnitine acetyltransferase (CRAT) is an important enzyme for energy homeostasis and fat metabolism. We characterized the predicted full length cDNA sequence of the porcine CRAT gene. Its structure is very similar to that in humans with respect to the size and organization of the 14 exons. We demonstrated the existence of a porcine alternative transcript resulting from a partial intron-retention at the 5’ end of exon 2. To perform a comparison of the 5’ end variants of the mammalian CRAT gene, we analyzed the Genbank data, and here we propose a new 5’ variant for dog, rat and mouse. In contrast to other mammals where this variant encodes a shorter protein (−21 aa in human, mouse and rat, and −14 aa in dog), the pig variant encodes for a longer protein (+18 aa). In all mammalian species, variant 1 has a high probability of a preferential mitochondrial sub-cellular localization. Nevertheless, it is not evident, in particular in porcine and dog species, that the second variant is associated with a different sub-cellular specificity.

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A high utility integrated map of the pig genome

Cited by 139 publications

References 44 publications

Acute heat stress activated inflammatory signaling in porcine oxidative skeletal muscle

Acute heat stress activated inflammatory signaling in porcine oxidative skeletal muscle

The Pseudoautosomal Region and Sex Chromosome Aneuploidies in Domestic Species

The carnitine acetyltransferase gene (CRAT): A characterization of porcine transcripts with insights into the 5’-end variants of mammalian transcripts and their possible sub-cellular localization

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