A high spatiotemporal study of somatic exocytosis with scanning electrochemical microscopy and nanoITIES electrodes

Welle, Theresa M.; Alanis, Kristen; Colombo, Michelle L.; Sweedler, Jonathan V.; Shen, Mei

doi:10.1039/c8sc01131a

Cited by 36 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…0.7 mm, length=7.5 cm) using a P‐2000 capillary puller (Sutter Instrument Co., Novato, CA). The nanopipets were fabricated using procedures as previously reported …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An Ag wire (diameter=250 μm) coated with AgCl (through an oxidation reaction in saturated KCl solution) was placed in the aqueous phase as an outside reference electrode. A two electrode configuration was used as reported previously, where a potential was applied between the inner Pt wire and the outer Ag/AgCl reference electrode . Positive potential is for positive ion transfer from water to oil (1, 2‐DCE), seen as positive current.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Newly Synthesized Tris(crown ether) Ionophore for Assisted Ion Transfer at NanoITIES Electrodes

et al. 2020

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Assisted ion transfer at a pipet‐supported interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) have become a prominent method for the detection of various ionic species and for studying ionic complexation. A typical ionophore contains one binding center to ions such as dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6 (DB18C6). It is unknown how the detection of ions changes when assisted by an ionophore with multiple crown ether moieties. Here, we synthesized a new tris(crown ether) ionophore, TriBCE, which is composed of three 18‐crown‐6 moieties connected to a common o‐phenylene ethynylene cyclic trimer center, and employed TriBCE for the assisted ion transfer of various environmentally relevant heavy‐metal ions (i. e. Mg2+, Cu2+, Cd2+ and Li+) and a neurotransmitter (dopamine) at nanoITIES pipet electrodes. The half‐wave transfer potentials for those ions were less positive by 123±28 mV when assisted by tris (crown ether), TriBCE, compared to mono(crown ether), DB18C6. The binding constants, Gibbs free energy, and the stoichiometric coefficients of ionic complexation with TriBCE were measured and compared to that of DB18C6 to reveal that ionophore with multiple binding moieties enables easier transfer of these ions.

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“…0.7 mm, length=7.5 cm) using a P‐2000 capillary puller (Sutter Instrument Co., Novato, CA). The nanopipets were fabricated using procedures as previously reported …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Newly Synthesized Tris(crown ether) Ionophore for Assisted Ion Transfer at NanoITIES Electrodes

et al. 2020

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“…Recently, acetylcholine exocytosis from a single Aplysia californica neuronal soma was studied by combining nanoITIES electrodes and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) (104). SECM offers nanometer resolution by facilitating positioning of ITIES electrodes close to the release site on the soma.…”

Section: Ities Electrodes For Nonelectroactive Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carbon nanotube or nanorod arrays could be used as the substrate, and electrochemical measurements could be made of synaptic and extrasynaptic neurotransmission, but this strategy is not ideal for measurements in intact tissue. Shen's group (104) has used SECM feedback mechanisms to position electrodes in the synapse. Using a noninvasive, electroactive mediator, they can make an approach curve and use modeling to tell how far the electrode is from the soma.…”

Section: Localization In the Synapsementioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemistry at the Synapse

Shin

Wang²,

Borgus

et al. 2019

Annual Rev. Anal. Chem.

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Electrochemical measurements of neurotransmitters provide insight into the dynamics of neurotransmission. In this review, we describe the development of electrochemical measurements of neurotransmitters and how they started with extrasynaptic measurements but now are pushing toward synaptic measurements. Traditionally, biosensors or fast-scan cyclic voltammetry have monitored extrasynaptic levels of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, serotonin, adenosine, glutamate, and acetylcholine. Amperometry and electrochemical cytometry techniques have revealed mechanisms of exocytosis, suggesting partial release. Advances in nanoelectrodes now allow spatially resolved, electrochemical measurements in a synapse, which is only 20–100 nm wide. Synaptic measurements of dopamine and acetylcholine have been made. In this article, electrochemical measurements are also compared to optical imaging and mass spectrometry measurements, and while these other techniques provide enhanced spatial or chemical information, electrochemistry is best at monitoring real-time neurotransmission. Future challenges include combining electrochemistry with these other techniques in order to facilitate multisite and multianalyte monitoring.

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“…These nanoITIES electrodes were used to measure ACh release from both the soma and a single synapse of Aplysia californica cells. 82,83 A concentration of 2.7 AE 1.0 mM released ACh was measured from a single soma, with a releasable vesicle density of 25 AE 2 vesicles per mm 2 .…”

Section: Frontiers In Acetylcholine Biosensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontiers in electrochemical sensors for neurotransmitter detection: towards measuring neurotransmitters as chemical diagnostics for brain disorders

Buchanan

Witt

et al. 2019

Anal. Methods

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A high spatiotemporal study of somatic exocytosis with scanning electrochemical microscopy and nanoITIES electrodes

Cited by 36 publications

References 65 publications

A Newly Synthesized Tris(crown ether) Ionophore for Assisted Ion Transfer at NanoITIES Electrodes

A Newly Synthesized Tris(crown ether) Ionophore for Assisted Ion Transfer at NanoITIES Electrodes

Electrochemistry at the Synapse

Frontiers in electrochemical sensors for neurotransmitter detection: towards measuring neurotransmitters as chemical diagnostics for brain disorders

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