A High Resolution Study of the Effect of Morphology On the Mass Spectra of Single PSL Particles with Na-containing Layers and Nodules

Cai, Yaqi; Zelenyuk, Alla; Imre, Dan G.

doi:10.1080/02786820601001677

Cited by 20 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…We start with dry, spherical NaNO 3 particles, but because the exact density of these particles depends on the drying process we first establish their density under present drying conditions with a high-precision method using a DMA and SPLAT connected in series. The measurements performed for DMA-classified particles with diameters 100 and 200 nm (not shown) yield a density of 2.07 ± 0.02 g cm −3 , which is consistent with our previous measurements (Cai et al 2006;Zelenyuk et al , 2010. FIG.…”

Section: Improved Detection Probability Of Small Particles and A New supporting

confidence: 78%

Extending the Capabilities of Single Particle Mass Spectrometry: II. Measurements of Aerosol Particle Density without DMA

Vaden

Imre²,

Beránek

et al. 2011

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Particle density is an important and useful property that is difficult to measure because it usually requires two separate instruments to measure two particle attributes. As density measurements are often performed on size-classified particles, they are hampered by low particle numbers, and hence poor temporal resolution. We present here a new method for measuring particle densities using our single particle mass spectrometer, SPLAT. This method takes advantage of the fact that the detection efficiency in our single particle mass spectrometer drops off very rapidly as the particle size decreases below ∼100 nm creating a distinct sharp feature on the small particle side of the vacuum aerodynamic size distribution. Thus, the two quantities needed to determine particle density, the particle diameter and vacuum aerodynamic diameter, are known. We first test this method on particles of known compositions and densities to find that the densities it yields are accurate. We then apply the method to obtain the densities of particles that were characterized during instrument field deployments. We illustrate how the method can also be used to measure the density of chemically resolved particles. In addition, we present a new method to characterize the instrument detection efficiency as a function of particle size that relies on measuring the mobility and vacuum aerodynamic size distributions of polydisperse spherical particles of known density. We show that a new aerodynamic lens used in

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Section: Improved Detection Probability Of Small Particles and A New supporting

confidence: 78%

Extending the Capabilities of Single Particle Mass Spectrometry: II. Measurements of Aerosol Particle Density without DMA

Vaden

Imre²,

Beránek

et al. 2011

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…PSLs interact with light as predicted by Mie theory, and therefore make a good calibration standard for aerosol measurement techniques (Baynard et al, 2007;Cai et al, 2006;Galli et al, 2001;Lang-Yona et al, 2010;Liu et al, 2010;Miles et al, 2010a). All PSL solutions in this work were made fresh and mixed in test tubes by diluting 15 drops of 10 % w/w PSL solution (Duke Scientific Corporation, now part of Thermo Scientific) in 20 ml deionized water (J. T. Baker, HPLC Water).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial investigation of the wavelength dependence of optical properties measured with a new multi-pass Aerosol Extinction Differential Optical Absorption Spectrometer (AE-DOAS)

Chartier

Greenslade

2012

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

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Abstract. Atmospheric aerosols directly affect climate by scattering and absorbing radiation. The magnitude of the impact is dependent upon the wavelength of light, but is often estimated near 550 nm. When light scattering and absorption by aerosols is approximated, the wavelength dependence of the refractive index for specific components is lost. As a result, climate models would have inherent uncertainties for aerosol contributions to radiative forcing when considering the entire solar spectrum. An aerosol extinction differential optical absorption spectrometer has been developed to directly measure aerosol extinction at mid-ultraviolet to near infrared wavelengths. The instrument consists of a spectrometer coupled to a closed White-type multi-pass gas cell with an adjustable path length of up to approximately 20 m. Laboratory measurements of various gases are compared with known absorption cross sections. Additionally, the extinction of monodisperse samples of polystyrene latex spheres are measured and compared to Mie theory generated with refractive index values from the literature to validate the new instrument. The polystyrene experiments also emphasize the ability of the new instrument to retrieve the wavelength dependent refractive index, especially in the ultraviolet wavelength regions where variability is expected. The spectrometer will be a significant advancement for determining wavelength dependent complex refractive indices in future laboratory studies as well as provide the ability to monitor ambient aerosol light extinction.

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“…Figure 7b shows that when the delay between the two lasers was decreased to the point where the excimer laser hit the particle center-of-mass, the NaCl mass spectral peaks became clearly visible. Note that the mass spectrum in Figure 7b is not completely dominated by the Na + peak, as often is the case for ablation generated mass spectra (Cai et al 2006;Zelenyuk et al 2008d).…”

Section: Ion Generation and Tof-msmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The tendency to overcome low detection probabilities by increasing suspension concentration yields aerosol that are dominated by agglomerates and/or aspherical PSL particles with surfactants-containing nodules (Cai et al 2006;Zelenyuk et al 2006a). This is particularly true for the smaller PSL particles, for which the manufacturer supplied suspensions have higher number concentrations and most instruments have lower sensitivities.…”

Section: Calibration and Measurements Of Particle Vacuum Aerodynamic mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most laser-based SPMS rely on ablation to generate ions for mass spectral analysis (Gard et al 1997;Rhoads et al 2003;Thomson et al 2000). Consequently the mass spectra that are generated by this highly non-linear, multiphoton process are strongly influenced by matrix and charge transfer effects (Cai et al 2006;Ge et al 1998;Gross et al 2000;Reilly et al 2000). As a result, single particle mass spectra of many atmospheric particles are dominated by high intensity the ion peaks of K or Na.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SPLAT II: An Aircraft Compatible, Ultra-Sensitive, High Precision Instrument for In-Situ Characterization of the Size and Composition of Fine and Ultrafine Particles

Zelenyuk

Yang

Choi

et al. 2009

Aerosol Science and Technology

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134

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This article describes SPLAT II, a new aircraft compatible single particle mass spectrometer that provides significantly improved performance when compared with SPLAT, or any other existing single particle mass spectrometer. SPLAT II detects and characterizes 100% of spherical particles and ∼30% of aspherical particles with diameters between 125 nm and 600 nm. It also brings significant increase in temporal resolution, sizing over 500 particles per second, while characterizing the composition of up to 100 of them. The increase in sensitivity to small particles makes it possible, under most conditions, to use a differential mobility analyzer upfront SPLAT II in order to simultaneously measure in addition to individual particle size and composition, a number of other particle attributes, such as density or effective density, dynamic shape factor, fractal dimension, and even hygroscopicity. SPLAT II provides sizing precision on the order of a monolayer, and makes it possible to distinguish between spherical and aspherical particles. SPLAT II uses a two-step, two-laser process to generate ions. The mass spectra of the semivolatile fraction are generated by ionization in the gas phase, reducing fragmentation and yielding highly reproducible mass spectra, while the mass spectra of the refractory fraction are simultaneously generated by ablation. The instrument control board generates size-dependent delays for laser triggers to eliminate a size-dependent hit-rate and mass spectra are recorded with 14-bit resolution. Data analysis is facilitated by SpectraMiner and ClusterSculptor; two visually driven software packages specif-

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A High Resolution Study of the Effect of Morphology On the Mass Spectra of Single PSL Particles with Na-containing Layers and Nodules

Cited by 20 publications

References 31 publications

Extending the Capabilities of Single Particle Mass Spectrometry: II. Measurements of Aerosol Particle Density without DMA

Extending the Capabilities of Single Particle Mass Spectrometry: II. Measurements of Aerosol Particle Density without DMA

Initial investigation of the wavelength dependence of optical properties measured with a new multi-pass Aerosol Extinction Differential Optical Absorption Spectrometer (AE-DOAS)

SPLAT II: An Aircraft Compatible, Ultra-Sensitive, High Precision Instrument for In-Situ Characterization of the Size and Composition of Fine and Ultrafine Particles

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