A high-resolution assessment of wind and wave energy potentials in the Red Sea

Intl Journal of Climatology

Cavaleri

Vishwanadhapalli

et al. 2017

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The wind climatology of the Red Sea is described based on a 30‐year high‐resolution regional reanalysis generated using the Advanced Weather Research Forecasting model. The model was reinitialized on a daily basis with ERA‐Interim global data and regional observations were assimilated using a cyclic three‐dimensional variational approach. The reanalysis products were validated against buoy and scatterometers data. We describe the wind climatology and identify four major systems that determine the wind patterns in the Red Sea. Each system has a well‐defined origin, and consequently different characteristics along the year. After analysing the relevant features of the basin in terms of their climatology, we investigate possible long‐term trends in each system. It is found that there is a definite tendency towards lowering the strength of the wind speed, but at a different rate for different systems and periods of the year.

Section: The Atmospheric Reanalysismentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: The Atmospheric Reanalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The climatology of the Red Sea – part 1: the wind

Intl Journal of Climatology

Cavaleri

Vishwanadhapalli

et al. 2017

Self Cite

“…The detailed description of the modelling systems is discussed in Langodan et al . (, henceforth L2).…”

Section: The Modelling System the Hindcast And The Data Availablementioning

confidence: 99%

The climatology of the Red Sea – part 2: the waves

Intl Journal of Climatology

Cavaleri

Pomaro

et al. 2017

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The wave climatology of the Red Sea is described based on a 30‐year hindcast generated using WAVEWATCH III configured on a 5‐km resolution grid and forced by Red Sea reanalysis surface winds from the advanced Weather Research and Forecasting model. The wave simulations have been validated using buoy and altimeter data. The four main wind systems in the Red Sea characterize the corresponding wave climatology. The dominant ones are the two opposite wave systems with different genesis, propagating along the axis of the basin. The highest waves are generated at the centre of the Red Sea as a consequence of the strong seasonal winds blowing from the Tokar Gap on the African side. There is a general long‐term trend toward lowering the values of the significant wave height over the whole basin, with a decreasing rate depending on the genesis of the individual systems.

“…Giorgi, ; Jacob and Podzun, ; Dickinson et al ., ; Giorgi and Mearns, ; Rinke and Dethloff, ; Meehl et al ., ; Dasari et al ., ; 2011; ; Srinivas et al ., ; Dasari and Challa, ; Yesubabu et al ., , to cite but a few). It is widely implemented in a wide range of applications, such as local weather forecasts, regional climate change projections, air quality studies, energy applications, and numerous industrial applications (Jacob and Podzun, ; Meehl et al ., ; Langodan et al ., ; ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Efficient dynamical downscaling of general circulation models using continuous data assimilation

Desamsetti

Dasari

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

et al. 2019

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Continuous data assimilation (CDA) is successfully implemented for the first time for efficient dynamical downscaling of a global atmospheric reanalysis. A comparison of the performance of CDA with the standard grid and spectral nudging techniques for representing long‐ and short‐scale features in the downscaled fields using the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model is further presented and analysed. The WRF model is configured at 0.25° × 0.25° horizontal resolution and is driven by 2.5° × 2.5° initial and boundary conditions from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis fields. Downscaling experiments are performed over a one‐month period in January 2016. The similarity metric is used to evaluate the performance of the downscaling methods for large (2,000 km) and small (300 km) scales. Similarity results are compared for the outputs of the WRF model with different downscaling techniques, NCEP/NCAR reanalysis, and NCEP Final Analysis (FNL, available at 0.25° × 0.25° horizontal resolution). Both spectral nudging and CDA describe better the small‐scale features compared to grid nudging. The choice of the wave number is critical in spectral nudging; increasing the number of retained frequencies generally produced better small‐scale features, but only up to a certain threshold after which its solution gradually became closer to grid nudging. CDA maintains the balance of the large‐ and small‐scale features similar to that of the best simulation achieved by the best spectral nudging configuration, without the need of a spectral decomposition. The different downscaled atmospheric variables, including rainfall distribution, with CDA is most consistent with the observations. The Brier skill score values further indicate that the added value of CDA is distributed over the entire model domain. The overall results clearly suggest that CDA provides an efficient new approach for dynamical downscaling by maintaining better balance between the global model and the downscaled fields.