A high-protein diet, not isolated BCAA, is associated with skeletal muscle mass index in patients with gastrointestinal cancer

Soares, Jéssika D.P.; Siqueira, Jéssika M.; Oliveira, Izabella C.L.; Laviano, Alessandro; Pimentel, Gustavo D.

doi:10.1016/j.nut.2019.110698

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Identifying interventions that can prevent/mitigate cachexia has remained a holy grail in the field. For example, while the muscle anabolic effects of BCAA are incontrovertible, administration of these AAs has yielded minimal benefit on cachexia in humans (Harima et al., 2010 ; Pimentel et al., 2021 ; Poon et al., 2004 ; Soares et al., 2020 ). The anti‐anabolic and pro‐catabolic milieu that prevails in cachectic patients and rodents, as indicated by elevated circulating levels of catabolic factors such as tumor necrosis factor, IL‐6, and interferon gamma (de Matos‐Neto et al., 2015 ), are likely contributory to the recalcitrance to nutrients in cachectic conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to this, the BCAA are potent stimulators of skeletal muscle protein synthesis (Wolfe, 2017 ) and represent a promising target to treat cachexia, as the BCAA have shown some positive effects on reversing cancer‐induced cachexia (Gomes‐Marcondes et al., 2003 ; Ventrucci et al., 2004 ). However, nutritional interventions using the BCAA to mitigate cachexia have yielded minimal benefits in humans (Harima et al., 2010 ; Pimentel et al., 2021 ; Poon et al., 2004 ; Soares et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sex differences in cachexia and branched‐chain amino acid metabolism following chemotherapy in mice

Mora,

Mann,

Adegoke

2024

Physiological Reports

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chemotherapy is a major contributor to cachexia, but studies often investigate male animals. Here, we investigated whether sex modifies the effects of chemotherapy on cachexia and BCAA metabolism. Ten‐week‐old CD2F1 male and female mice were treated with the chemotherapy drug cocktail folfiri (50 mg/kg 5‐fluorouracil, 90 mg/kg leucovorin, and 24 mg/kg CPT11) (drug) or vehicle twice a week for 6 weeks. Insulin tolerance tests were conducted and BCAA levels and metabolism were measured in plasma and tissues. Drug treatment reduced body and skeletal muscle weights and anabolic signaling in both sexes, with females showing worsened outcomes (p < 0.05 for all). Drug treatment increased plasma BCAA only in males, but BCAA concentrations in the skeletal muscle of both sexes were decreased; this decrease was more profound in males (p = 0.0097). In addition, muscle expression of the BCAA transporter LAT1 was reduced; this reduction was more severe in females (p = 0.0264). In both sexes, the (inhibitory) phosphorylation of BCKD‐E1αser293 was increased along with decreased BCKD activity. In the liver, drug treatment increased BCAA concentrations and LAT1 expression, but BCKD activity was suppressed in both sexes (p < 0.05 for all). Our results demonstrate that altered BCAA metabolism may contribute to chemotherapy‐induced cachexia in a sex‐dependent manner.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in cachexia and branched‐chain amino acid metabolism following chemotherapy in mice

Mora,

Mann,

Adegoke

2024

Physiological Reports

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, after supplementation, the Leucine group had a higher leucine intake than the placebo group, as expected. Likewise, our previous report demonstrated that optimized adjustments of calories, carbohydrates, and total proteins were beneficial for ASMM maintenance following oncological treatment, showing that a combination of diet from macronutrients food, energy and leucine supplementation may be important to alleviating muscle wasting, since they are related to the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the muscular tissue [ 10 , 23 ]. Indeed, it is known that AMPK, in the control energy balance during low calorie intake or fasting, is activated, stimulating the catabolic pathways through phosphorylation and activation of tuberous sclerosis 2 (TSC2), a negative regulator of mTORC1, which limits protein synthesis through blocking ribosomal RNA synthesis and others substrates like S6K, 4EBP-1, and EIF2, inhibiting cell circle arrest in G1 phase, and thus promoting the atrophy in muscle cells [ 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effects of Leucine-Supplement Combined with Nutritional Counseling on Body Composition in Mix Cancer Older Men

Soares,

Siqueira,

Brito

et al. 2024

Nutrients

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Malnutrition and metabolic alterations of cancer cachexia are often associated with negative weight loss and muscle mass wasting. In this sense, protein supplementation can be a strategy to help counteract the loss and/or maintenance of mass in these patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of leucine supplementation on body composition in outpatients with gastrointestinal tract cancer. Methods: It was a randomized, blinded, controlled, parallel trial, performed in male patients with a cancer diagnosis of the gastrointestinal tract and appendix organs undergoing chemotherapy. All the patients were allocated to one of the protocol groups: L-leucine supplement or the control group, during 8 weeks of intervention. We evaluated the body composition through bioelectrical impedance analysis, the cancer cachexia classification, and the diet intake before and after the intervention protocol. The intention-to-treat approach was performed to predict the missing values for all patients who provide any observation data. Results: The patients were an average age of 65.11 ± 7.50 years old. In the body composition analysis with patients who finished all the supplementation, we observed a significant gain in body weight (61.79.9 ± 9.02 versus 64.06 ± 9.45, p = 0.01), ASMM (7.64 ± 1.24 versus 7.81 ± 1.20, p = 0.02) in the Leucine group, whereas patients in the control did not present significant variation in these parameters. There was no significant intergroup difference. While in the analysis included the patients with intention-to-treat, we found a significant increase in body weight (p = 0.01), BMI (p = 0.01), FFM (p = 0.03), and ASMM (p = 0.01) in the Leucine group. No significant intergroup differences. These results also similar among cachectic patients. Conclusion: A balanced diet enriched with free-Leucine supplementation was able to promotes gains in body weight and lean mass in older men diagnosticated with gastrointestinal and appendix organs of digestion cancer after 8 weeks. However, the fact that most men are non-cachectic or pre-cachectic is not clear if the increase in muscle mass was due to a high intake of leucine, since no difference between groups was detected. Moreover, we know that benefits on body composition are due to adequate calorie and macronutrients consumption and that balanced feeding according to nutrition Guidelines seems crucial and must be advised during the oncological treatment.

show abstract

“…Furthermore, high-protein diets lasting for 12 weeks could signi cantly improve body composition in women with normal-weight obesity, reducing the waist circumference, fat mass, and body fat percentage and increasing lean body mass [30]. Interestingly, high-protein diets could also improve skeletal muscle mass in patients with gastrointestinal cancer [31], which may be relevant to our patients, since skeletal muscle mass is also important for recovery of function after TKA [32]. Future studies should evaluate the effect of high-protein diets on quadriceps muscle strength, which will provide more evidence for preoperative high-protein diet combined with muscle exercise for the patients planning to undergo TKA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preoperative High-Protein Diet Can Improve The Serum Albumin Levels of Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty

Liu

Xie

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Preoperative hypoproteinemia are risk factors for complications in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, the relationship between preoperative albumin levels and postoperative use of albumin is unclear, as are the effects of a high-protein diet on preoperative serum albumin levels for these patients. Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 660 patients who underwent primary TKA from January to December 2019, of whom 97 received postoperative albumin and 563 did not. Logistic and restrictive cubic spline regression analyses were used to explore the relationship between preoperative serum albumin levels and postoperative albumin use. Additionally, 88 patients undergoing primary TKA were educated to follow a high-protein diet during the preoperative waiting period from January to July 2020. From these 88 patients, data from laboratory tests on the day of the outpatient visit and admission were collected and compared to evaluate the effect of high-protein diet on preoperative serum albumin levels. Results: Higher preoperative serum albumin levels were negatively associated with risk of postoperative albumin use (relative risk 0.725, 95% confidence interval 0.666-0.789), and the risk of needing postoperative albumin decreased with increasing preoperative albumin level with a negative dose-response relationship (P overall < 0.001; P nonlinear = 0.186). After an average of 39.05±22.78 days on a high-protein diet, the albumin levels on admission (46.04±2.49 g/L) were significantly higher than on outpatient (42.79±4.09) g/L), while the biomarkers of liver and kidney function and lipid metabolism did not differ significantly between the two time points. Conclusions: Preoperative albumin levels were highly associated with postoperative albumin use, showing an obvious dose-response relationship. Preoperative high-protein diet could improve the albumin levels in patients undergoing TKA. Trial registration: The study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration no. ChiCTR2000034978) on July 26, 2020.

show abstract

A high-protein diet, not isolated BCAA, is associated with skeletal muscle mass index in patients with gastrointestinal cancer

Cited by 10 publications

References 25 publications

Sex differences in cachexia and branched‐chain amino acid metabolism following chemotherapy in mice

Sex differences in cachexia and branched‐chain amino acid metabolism following chemotherapy in mice

A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effects of Leucine-Supplement Combined with Nutritional Counseling on Body Composition in Mix Cancer Older Men

Preoperative High-Protein Diet Can Improve The Serum Albumin Levels of Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About