A high prevalence of organ-specific autoimmunity in patients with bipolar disorder

The role of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies in mood disorders

“…Karolewicz et al [41] measured the levels of GAD 65 and GAD 67 in postmortem brain samples from the gray matter of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC, Brodmann's Area 9) of MDD patients, treated and untreated with antidepressants. GAD 65 and GAD 67 were reduced in antidepressant-free MDD subjects compared to matched controls. This reduction was not present in MDD patients medicated with antidepressants at the time of death, suggesting that GAD 65 and GAD 67 might play a role in depressive syndromes.…”

“…[41] Fatemi et al [42] investigated the cerebellar levels of Reelin 410, 330 and 180 kDa, GAD 65 , and GAD 67 in subjects with BD, schizophrenia, MDD, and controls using the well-characterized Stanley Brain Consortium Collection. They found a reduction in levels of GAD 65 and GAD 67 proteins in all psychiatric subjects. These findings could explain increased blood and CSF GLU and glutamine levels in schizophrenic, [43,44] and depressed subjects, [45] probably due to an accumulation of these two precursor compounds of GABA.…”

“…However, GAD and GABA were also detected in the pancreas where the latter is stored in synaptic-like vesicles in islet beta cells. [32][33][34] GAD exists in two isoforms: one of a molecular size of 65 kDa is termed GAD 65 , whilst the other, of 67 kDa, is termed GAD 67 . Each of them plays a distinct role: GAD 65 is the product of a gene located on chromosome 10 whereas GAD 67 gene is on chromosome 2.…”

“…These findings could explain increased blood and CSF GLU and glutamine levels in schizophrenic, [43,44] and depressed subjects, [45] probably due to an accumulation of these two precursor compounds of GABA. Indeed, normal production of GAD 65 and GAD 67 , as well as of Reelin 410, 330 and 180 kDa, reflects normal GABAergic cell function in several parts of the brain including cerebellum. [46] Of note, Reelin, a protein responsible for correct lamination of the CNS during the embryonic period, may be involved in the etiology of schizophrenia, BD, and autism.…”

Imunologia do transtorno bipolar

“…Hornig et al 23 investigaram, além de anticorpos antitireoidianos, anticorpos antinucleares (ANA), antidsDNA e anticardiolipina, não encontrando diferenças em relação a controles. O estudo de Padmos et al 26 avaliou a expressão de anticorpos ligados à gastrite crônica autoimune (H/K-ATPase) e diabetes mellitus tipo I (GAD 65), encontrando maior expressão destes em pacientes bipolares.…”