A High-Precision Passive Air Sampler for Gaseous Mercury

McLagan, David S.; Mitchell, Carl P. J.; Huang, Haiyong; Lei, Ying Duan; Cole, Amanda; Steffen, Alexandra; Hung, Hayley; Wania, Frank

doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.5b00319

Cited by 59 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…After sampling the protective shield is sealed tightly with a PP cap, PTFE tape wrapped around the seal, and placed in double resealable plastic bags for transport and storage. McLagan et al (2016b) provide more detail on the PAS design.…”

Section: Sampler Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We therefore use the term gaseous Hg to define the target analyte. An earlier calibration of this PAS at one outdoor location yielded a SR of 0.121 m 3 day −1 (McLagan et al, 2016b). Here we report on a series of laboratory experiments that quantified the effect of wind speed, temperature, and RH on the SR of that sampler.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…We recently introduced a PAS for gaseous Hg with a precision-based uncertainty of 2±1 % that uses an activated carbon sorbent and a Radiello ® diffusive barrier (McLagan et al, 2016b). While it is believed that the sampler takes up predominantly GEM, we cannot rule out the possibility for gaseous oxidized Hg to also pass through the diffusive barrier (McLagan et al, 2016b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diffusive barriers aim to reduce the influence of wind by D. S. McLagan et al: Variability of sampling rate of passive air sampler for Hg standardizing the molecular diffusion distance to the sorbent and thereby ensuring that the diffusive component of contaminant transfer is the rate limiting step (Huang et al, 2014;Lozano et al, 2009;McLagan et al, 2016a). For PASs with diffusive barriers the ASBL is shifted from the outside of the sorbent to the outside of the diffusive barrier (McLagan et al, 2016b). While a diffusive barrier thus reduces the relative contribution of the ASBL to the overall diffusion distance, it cannot entirely mitigate SR variability caused by wind (Pennequin-Cardinal et al, 2005;Plaisance et al, 2002;Skov et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While it is believed that the sampler takes up predominantly GEM, we cannot rule out the possibility for gaseous oxidized Hg to also pass through the diffusive barrier (McLagan et al, 2016b). We therefore use the term gaseous Hg to define the target analyte.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of meteorological parameters and diffusive barrier reuse on the sampling rate of a passive air sampler for gaseous mercury

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Passive air sampling of gaseous mercury (Hg) requires a high level of accuracy to discriminate small differences in atmospheric concentrations. Meteorological parameters have the potential to decrease this accuracy by impacting the sampling rate (SR), i.e., the volume of air that is effectively stripped of gaseous mercury per unit of time. We measured the SR of a recently calibrated passive air sampler for gaseous Hg in the laboratory under varying wind speeds (wind still to 6 m s −1 ), temperatures (−15 to +35 • C), and relative humidities (44 to 80 %). While relative humidity has no impact on SR, SR increases slightly with both wind speed (0.003 m 3 day −1 increase in SR or 2.5 % of the previously calibrated SR for every m s −1 increase for wind speeds > 1 m s −1 , typical of outdoor deployments) and temperature (0.001 m 3 day −1 increase in SR or 0.7 % for every 1 • C increase). The temperature dependence can be fully explained by the effect of temperature on the molecular diffusivity of gaseous mercury in air. Although these effects are relatively small, accuracy can be improved by adjusting SRs using measured or estimated temperature and wind speed data at or near sampling sites. We also assessed the possibility of reusing Radiello ® diffusive barriers previously used in the passive air samplers. The mean rate of gaseous Hg uptake was not significantly different between new and previously used diffusive barriers in both lab and outdoor deployments, irrespective of the applied cleaning procedure. No memory effect from Radiellos ® previously deployed in a high Hg atmosphere was observed. However, a loss in replicate precision for the dirtiest Radiellos ® in the indoor experiment suggests that cleaning is advisable prior to reuse.

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Section: Sampler Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of meteorological parameters and diffusive barrier reuse on the sampling rate of a passive air sampler for gaseous mercury

et al. 2017

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Mercury cycling during acid rain recovery at the forested Lesní potok catchment, Czech Republic

Navrátil

Shanley

Rohovec

et al. 2021

Hydrological Processes

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From 2011 to 2019, mercury (Hg) stores and fluxes were studied in the small forested catchment Lesní potok (LES) in the central Czech Republic using the watershed mass balance approach together with internal measurements. Mean input fluxes of Hg via open bulk deposition, beech throughfall and spruce throughfall during the periodwere 2.9, 3.9 and 7.6 μg m−2 year−1, respectively. These values were considerably lower than corresponding deposition Hg fluxes reported in the early years of the 21st century from catchments in Germany. Current bulk precipitation inputs at unimpacted Czech mountainous sites were lower than those in Germany. The largest Hg inputs to the catchment were via litterfall, averaging 22.6 and 17.8 μg m−2 year−1 for beech and spruce stands. The average Hg input, based on the sum of mean litterfall and throughfall deposition, was 23.0 μg m−2 year−1, compared to the estimated Hg output in runoff of 0.5 μg m−2 year−1, which is low compared to other reported values. Thus, only ~2% of Hg input is exported in stream runoff. Stream water Hg was only weakly related to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) but both concentrations were positively correlated with water temperature. The estimated total soil Hg pool averaged 47.5 mg m−2, only 4% of which was in the O‐horizon. Thus Hg in the O‐horizon pool represents 72 years of deposition at the current input flux and 3800 years of export at the current runoff flux. Age‐dating by 14C suggested that organic soil contains Hg from recent deposition, while mineral soil at 40–80 cm depth contained 4400‐year old carbon, suggesting the soil had accumulated atmospheric Hg inputs through millennia to reach the highest soil Hg pool of the soil profile. These findings suggest that industrial era intensification of the Hg cycle is superimposed on a slower‐paced Hg cycle during most of the Holocene.

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Evaluation of passive sampling of gaseous mercury using different sorbing materials

Lin

Zhang

Deng

et al. 2017

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Atmospheric mercury monitoring is essential because of its potential human health and ecological impacts. Current automated monitoring systems include limitations such as high cost, complicated configuration, and electricity requirements. Passive samplers require no electric power and are more appropriate for screening applications and long-term monitoring. Sampling rate is a major factor to evaluate the performance of a passive sampler. In this study, laboratory experiments were carried out using an exposure chamber to search for high efficiency sorbents for gaseous mercury. Four types of sorbents, including sulfur-impregnated carbon (SIC), chlorine-impregnated carbon (CIC), bromine-impregnated carbon (BIC), and gold-coated sand (GCS) were evaluated under a wide range of meteorological parameters, including temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed. The results showed that the four sorbents all have a high sampling rate above 0.01 mg day, and wind speed has a positive correlation with the sampling rate. Under different temperature and relative humidity, the sampling rate of SIC keeps stable. The sampling rate of CIC and BIC shows a negative correlation with temperature, and GCS is influenced by all the three meteorological factors. Furthermore, long-term experiments were carried out to investigate the uptake capacity of GCS and SIC. Uptake curves show that the mass amount of sorbent in a passive sampler can influence uptake capacity. In the passive sampler, 0.9 g SIC or 0.9 g GCS can achieve stable uptake efficiency for at least 110 days with gaseous mercury concentration at or below 2 ng/m. For mercury concentration at or below 21 ng/m, 0.9 g SIC can maintain stable uptake efficiency for 70 days, and 0.9 g GCS can maintain stability for 45 days.

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A High-Precision Passive Air Sampler for Gaseous Mercury

Cited by 59 publications

References 33 publications

The effects of meteorological parameters and diffusive barrier reuse on the sampling rate of a passive air sampler for gaseous mercury

The effects of meteorological parameters and diffusive barrier reuse on the sampling rate of a passive air sampler for gaseous mercury

Mercury cycling during acid rain recovery at the forested Lesní potok catchment, Czech Republic

Evaluation of passive sampling of gaseous mercury using different sorbing materials

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