A high-power electron linear accelerator for food irradiation applications

Miller, Robert B.; Loda, G.; Miller, R.C.; Smith, Renée M.; Shimer, D.W.; Seidt, C.; MacArt, M.; Mohr, H.; Robison, G. Alan; Creely, P.; Bautista, J.; Oliva, T.; Young, L.M.; DuBois, D. F.

doi:10.1016/s0168-583x(03)01515-5

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…One of the major advances has been the continual increase in available dose sensitivity within the megavoltage as well as kilovoltage range. Products such as FWT-60 radiochromic film produced by Far West technologies (Young et al 1999) provide accurate x-ray dosimetry for doses in the kGy range (Miller et al 2003), and products such as Gafchromic MD-55-2 and HS provide accurate dosimetry within the few Gy to 100 Gy region. Radiochromic films have also been developed for increased sensitivity in the lower kVp range (Giles and Murphy 2002) for dosimetry purposes in diagnostic procedures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption spectra variations of EBT radiochromic film from radiation exposure

Butson

Cheung

2005

Phys. Med. Biol.

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Gafchromic EBT radiochromic film is one of the newest radiation-induced auto-developing x-ray analysis films available for therapeutic radiation dosimetry in radiotherapy applications. The spectral absorption properties in the visible wavelengths have been investigated and results show two main peaks in absorption located at 636 nm and 585 nm. These absorption peaks are different to many other radiochromic film products such as Gafchromic MD-55 and HS film where two peaks were located at 676 nm and 617 nm respectively. The general shape of the absorption spectra is similar to older designs. A much higher sensitivity is found at high-energy x-rays with an average 0.6 OD per Gy variation in OD seen within the first Gy measured at 636 nm using 6 MV x-rays. This is compared to approximately 0.09 OD units for the first Gy at the 676 nm absorption peak for HS film at 6 MV x-ray energy. The film's blue colour is visually different from older varieties of Gafchromic film with a higher intensity of mid-range blue within the film. The film provides adequate relative absorbed dose measurement for clinical radiotherapy x-ray assessment in the 1-2 Gy dose range which with further investigation may be useful for fractionated radiotherapy dose assessment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption spectra variations of EBT radiochromic film from radiation exposure

Butson

Cheung

2005

Phys. Med. Biol.

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“…Due to the extensive application of the industrial irradiation accelerator [1][2][3], Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) is in the process of machining a 325 MHz bi-periodic on-axis coupled accelerating prototype, trying to verify the feasibility of an extremely high average beam power electron linear accelerator. The main specifications of the industrial accelerator are summarized in Table 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-physics analysis of a 325 MHz bi-periodic on-axis coupled accelerating structure

Shu

Zhang

et al. 2017

Radiat Detect Technol Methods

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Purpose A 325-MHz bi-periodic on-axis coupled accelerating structure prototype which consists of two bi-periodic accelerating modules is under fabrication in the Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, dedicated to a 10-MeV/100 kW industrial linear electron accelerator. According to the beam dynamics study, the average power dissipated in the prototype cavity is about 19.1 kW. Effective cooling scheme is one of the most important issues in the high-power operation. Methods This paper mainly deals with the RF, thermal and structural coupled analyses of the accelerating structure prototype with the help of the ANSYS code. The cooling scheme is optimized to minimize the temperature rise, displacement and von Mises stresses. Results The temperature and stress distributions in the steady state are presented. The maximum von Mises stress is much lower than the yield strength limit of the corresponding material. The frequency shift caused by the thermal expansion is calculated as well, which is within the scope of the tuning range. Conclusion The coupled analyses based on the ANSYS software package are presented to design and optimize the cooling scheme of the accelerating structure. The von Mises stresses are much lower than the yield strength limit of the

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“…Radiochromic film dosimetry in radiation detection can depend on many parameters. Some of the major contributing factors can of course be the type of radiochromic film used, such as Gafchromic (ISP Technologies) (Butson et al 2003), Radiachromic (FWT Technologies) (Young et al 1999) or B3 windose (GEX Corporation) (Miller et al 2003). One of the largest contributing factors is the visible absorption spectra of the radiochromic film and as such the wavelength of readout.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visible absorption properties of radiation exposed XR type-T radiochromic film

Butson

Cheung

2004

Phys. Med. Biol.

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The visible absorption spectra of Gafchromic XR type-T radiochromic film have been investigated to analyse the dosimetry characteristics of the film with visible light densitometers. Common densitometers can use photospectrometry, fluorescent light (broad-band visible), helium neon (632 nm), light emitting diode (LED) or other specific bandwidth spectra. The visible absorption spectra of this film when exposed to photon radiation show peaks at 676 nm and 618 nm at 2 Gy absorbed doses which shift to slightly lower wavelengths (662 nm and 612 nm at 8 Gy absorbed dose) at higher doses. This is similar to previous models of Gafchromic film such as MD-55-2 and HS but XR type-T also includes a large absorption at lower visible wavelengths due to 'yellow' dyes placed within the film to aid with visible recognition of the film exposure level. The yellow dye band pass is produced at approximately 520 nm to 550 nm and absorbs wavelengths lower than this value within the visible spectrum. This accounts for the colour change from yellow to brown through the added absorption in the red wavelengths with radiation exposure. The film produces a relatively high dose sensitivity with up to 0.25 OD units per Gy change at 672 nm at 100 kVp x-ray energy. Variations in dose sensitivity can be achieved by varying wavelength analysis.

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A high-power electron linear accelerator for food irradiation applications

Cited by 20 publications

References 4 publications

Absorption spectra variations of EBT radiochromic film from radiation exposure

Absorption spectra variations of EBT radiochromic film from radiation exposure

Multi-physics analysis of a 325 MHz bi-periodic on-axis coupled accelerating structure

Visible absorption properties of radiation exposed XR type-T radiochromic film

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