A High-order Accurate Summation-by-Parts Finite Difference Method for Fully-dynamic Earthquake Sequence Simulations within Sedimentary Basins

Harvey, Tobias; Erickson, Brittany A.; Kozdon, Jeremy E.

doi:10.31223/x58k95

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 49 publications

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“…We use an implicit backward differentiation formula, which takes time steps much longer than the Courant‐Friedrichs‐Lewy condition when the solution is evolving slowly. This avoids the efficiency limitations of explicit time‐stepping (Erickson & Nordström, 2014) and the difficulties of switching methods between coseismic and interseismic intervals (Harvey et al., 2023). We chose error tolerances and mesh sizes (Figure 2) based on convergence testing.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earthquake Cycle Mechanics During Caldera Collapse: Simulating the 2018 Kı̄lauea Eruption

Crozier,

Anderson

2024

JGR Solid Earth

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In multiple observed caldera‐forming eruptions, the rock overlying a draining magma reservoir dropped downward along ring faults in sequences of discrete collapse earthquakes. These sequences are analogous to tectonic earthquake cycles and provide opportunities to examine fault mechanics and collapse eruption dynamics over multiple events. Collapse earthquake cycles have been studied with zero‐dimensional slider‐block models, but these do not account for the complicated interplay between fluid and elastic dynamics or for factors such as the heterogeneous fault properties and non‐vertical ring fault geometries often inferred at volcanoes. We present two‐dimensional axisymmetric mafic piston‐like collapse earthquake cycle models that include rate‐and‐state friction, fully‐dynamic elasticity, and compressible viscous fluid magma flow. We demonstrate that collapse earthquake intervals and magnitudes are highly sensitive to inertial effects, evolving stress fields, fault geometry, and depth‐varying fault friction. Given the consistent earthquake cycles observed in most eruptions, this suggests that ring faults can quickly stabilize and often become nearly vertical at depth. We use the well‐monitored 2018 collapse sequence at Kı̄lauea as a case study. Our model can produce many features of Kı̄lauea seismic and geodetic observations, except for a significant amount of interseismic slip, which cannot be readily explained with simple rate‐and‐state friction parameterizations.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earthquake Cycle Mechanics During Caldera Collapse: Simulating the 2018 Kı̄lauea Eruption

Crozier,

Anderson

2024

JGR Solid Earth

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Incorporating Full Elastodynamic Effects and Dipping Fault Geometries in Community Code Verification Exercises for Simulations of Earthquake Sequences and Aseismic Slip (SEAS)

Erickson

Jiang

Lambert

et al. 2023

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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Numerical modeling of earthquake dynamics and derived insight for seismic hazard relies on credible, reproducible model results. The sequences of earthquakes and aseismic slip (SEAS) initiative has set out to facilitate community code comparisons, and verify and advance the next generation of physics-based earthquake models that reproduce all phases of the seismic cycle. With the goal of advancing SEAS models to robustly incorporate physical and geometrical complexities, here we present code comparison results from two new benchmark problems: BP1-FD considers full elastodynamic effects, and BP3-QD considers dipping fault geometries. Seven and eight modeling groups participated in BP1-FD and BP3-QD, respectively, allowing us to explore these physical ingredients across multiple codes and better understand associated numerical considerations. With new comparison metrics, we find that numerical resolution and computational domain size are critical parameters to obtain matching results. Codes for BP1-FD implement different criteria for switching between quasi-static and dynamic solvers, which require tuning to obtain matching results. In BP3-QD, proper remote boundary conditions consistent with specified rigid body translation are required to obtain matching surface displacements. With these numerical and mathematical issues resolved, we obtain excellent quantitative agreements among codes in earthquake interevent times, event moments, and coseismic slip, with reasonable agreements made in peak slip rates and rupture arrival time. We find that including full inertial effects generates events with larger slip rates and rupture speeds compared to the quasi-dynamic counterpart. For BP3-QD, both dip angle and sense of motion (thrust versus normal faulting) alter ground motion on the hanging and foot walls, and influence event patterns, with some sequences exhibiting similar-size characteristic earthquakes, and others exhibiting different-size events. These findings underscore the importance of considering full elastodynamics and nonvertical dip angles in SEAS models, as both influence short- and long-term earthquake behavior and are relevant to seismic hazard.

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A High-order Accurate Summation-by-Parts Finite Difference Method for Fully-dynamic Earthquake Sequence Simulations within Sedimentary Basins

Cited by 2 publications

References 49 publications

Earthquake Cycle Mechanics During Caldera Collapse: Simulating the 2018 Kı̄lauea Eruption

Earthquake Cycle Mechanics During Caldera Collapse: Simulating the 2018 Kı̄lauea Eruption

Incorporating Full Elastodynamic Effects and Dipping Fault Geometries in Community Code Verification Exercises for Simulations of Earthquake Sequences and Aseismic Slip (SEAS)

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