A High‐Q Electric‐Mechano‐Magnetic Coupled Resonator for ELF/SLF Cross‐Medium Magnetic Communication

Abstract

Extremely/super low frequency (ELF/SLF) electromagnetic wave can effectively propagate in the harsh cross‐medium environment where a high‐frequency electromagnetic wave cannot pass due to the fast decay. For efficiently transmitting a strong ELF/SLF radiation signal, the traditional electromagnetic antenna requires a super‐large loop (>10 km). To address this issue, in this work, a piezoelectric ceramic/ferromagnetic heterogeneous structured, cantilever beam‐type electric‐mechano‐magnetic coupled resonator at only centimeter scale for ELF/SLF cross‐medium magnetic communication is reported. Through designing hard‐soft hybrid step‐stiffness elastic beam, the resonator exhibits a much higher quality factor Q (≈240) for ELF/SLF magnetic field transmitting, which is one to five orders of magnitude higher than those of previously reported mechanical antennas and loop coil antennas. Moreover, the resonator exhibits a 5000 times higher magnetic field emitting efficiency compared to a conventional loop coil antenna in ELF/SLF band. It also demonstrates a 200% increase in magnetic field emitting capacity compared to existing piezoelectric‐driven antennas. In addition, an ASK+PSK modulation method is proposed for suppressing relaxation time of the resonator, and a reduction in the relaxation time by 80% is observed. Furthermore, an air–seawater cross‐medium magnetic field communication is successful demonstrated, indicating its potential as portable, high‐efficient antenna for underwater and underground communications.