A High-Fat Diet Increases Influenza A Virus-Associated Cardiovascular Damage

Siegers, Jurre Y.; Novakovic, Boris; Hulme, Katina D.; Marshall, Rebecca J.; Bloxham, Conor J.; Thomas, Walter G.; Reichelt, Melissa E.; Leijten, Lonneke; Run, Peter van; Knox, Karen; Sokolowski, Kamil A.; Tse, Brian Wan-Chi; Chew, Keng Yih; Christ, Angelika N.; Howe, Greg; Bruxner, Timothy J. C.; Karolyi, Mario; Pawelka, Erich; Koch, Rebecca M.; Bellmann‐Weiler, Rosa; Burkert, Francesco Robert; Weiß, Günter; Samanta, Romit; Openshaw, Peter; Bielefeldt‐Ohmann, Helle; Riel, Debby van; Short, Kirsty R.

doi:10.1093/infdis/jiaa159

Cited by 23 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In mice, diets rich in lipids/fat seem to play a crucial role in both respiratory and extra-respiratory complications of influenza A virus infection, related to an increase in viral load in the lungs and heart. This deficient antiviral response has been associated with signaling defects in the inflammatory response in mice, leading to high lung inflammation and damage, as well as increased heart inflammation and damage, i.e., increased left ventricular thickness and mass [ 82 ]. A high-fat diet administration in mice has also been associated with an efficacy reduction in influenza vaccine through a reduced antibody response, due to macrophage dysfunction in fatty environments [ 83 , 147 ].…”

Section: Dietary Constituents As Key Factors Of a Strong Immune Symentioning

confidence: 99%

Strengthening the Immune System and Reducing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress through Diet and Nutrition: Considerations during the COVID-19 Crisis

et al. 2020

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The coronavirus-disease 2019 (COVID-19) was announced as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. Challenges arise concerning how to optimally support the immune system in the general population, especially under self-confinement. An optimal immune response depends on an adequate diet and nutrition in order to keep infection at bay. For example, sufficient protein intake is crucial for optimal antibody production. Low micronutrient status, such as of vitamin A or zinc, has been associated with increased infection risk. Frequently, poor nutrient status is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, which in turn can impact the immune system. Dietary constituents with especially high anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacity include vitamin C, vitamin E, and phytochemicals such as carotenoids and polyphenols. Several of these can interact with transcription factors such as NF-kB and Nrf-2, related to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, respectively. Vitamin D in particular may perturb viral cellular infection via interacting with cell entry receptors (angiotensin converting enzyme 2), ACE2. Dietary fiber, fermented by the gut microbiota into short-chain fatty acids, has also been shown to produce anti-inflammatory effects. In this review, we highlight the importance of an optimal status of relevant nutrients to effectively reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, thereby strengthening the immune system during the COVID-19 crisis.

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Section: Dietary Constituents As Key Factors Of a Strong Immune Symentioning

confidence: 99%

Strengthening the Immune System and Reducing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress through Diet and Nutrition: Considerations during the COVID-19 Crisis

et al. 2020

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“…SARS-CoV-2 titres in cell culture supernatants were determined by plaque assay on Vero cells, as described previously (28). Influenza virus titers in cell culture supernatants were determined by plaque assay on MDCK cells, as described previously (29).…”

Section: Quantification Of Infectious Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric nasal epithelial cells are less permissive to SARS-CoV-2 replication compared to adult cells

Zhu

Chew

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Rationale: Young children (typically those <10 years old) are less susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and symptoms compared to adults. However, the mechanisms that underlie these age-dependent differences remain to be determined and could inform future therapeutics for adults. Objective: To contrast the infection dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in primary nasal epithelial cells from adults and children. Methods: Viral replication was quantified by plaque assay. The cellular transcriptome of infected and uninfected cells was assessed by RNA-seq. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 protein expression were quantified by Western Blot Measurements and Main Results: We report significantly higher SARS-CoV-2 replication in adult compared to pediatric nasal epithelial cells. This was restricted to SARS-CoV-2 infection, as the same phenomenon was not observed with influenza virus infection. The differentiational SARS-CoV-2 replication dynamics were associated with an elevated type I and III interferon response, and a more pronounced inflammatory response in pediatric cells. No significant difference between the two age groups was observed in the protein levels of ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the innate immune response of pediatric nasal epithelial cells, and not differential receptor expression, may contribute to the reported reduced SARS-COV-2 infection and symptoms reported amongst children.

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“…[7] In addition, the use of High-Fat Diet (HFD) in rats increased macrophage infiltration to lung tissues, specifically in the alveoli. [8] Recently, Siegers et al [9] demonstrated that HFD increases influenza A virus-associated cardiovascular damage in mice. This is particularly pertinent to COVID-19 patients agreed on the high rate of infection among lung alveolar epithelial cells and the taking part of lung tissue inflammation and alveolar damage in COVID-19 morbidity.…”

Section: Dietary Habits: Fast Foodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and Fast Foods Consumption: a Review

Bohlouli

Moravejolahkami

Dashti

et al. 2021

International Journal of Food Properties

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While all groups are affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, the aged people as well as those with underlying chronic medical conditions are at the greatest risk. The higher adherence to refined carbohydrate diets, sweats, and saturated fats contributes to the prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes; these disorders increase the risk for severe COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Fast food consumption activates the intrinsic immune system and impairs adaptive immunity, leading to chronic inflammation and impaired host defence against viruses. Furthermore, inflammatory responses caused by COVID-19 may have long-term costs in survived individuals, leading to chronic disorders such as dementia and neurodegenerative disease through neuroinflammatory mechanisms that are related to an unhealthy diet. Therefore, now more than ever, wider access to healthy foods should be a main concern and individuals should be aware of healthy eating habits to reduce COVID-19 complications.

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A High-Fat Diet Increases Influenza A Virus-Associated Cardiovascular Damage

Cited by 23 publications

References 47 publications

Strengthening the Immune System and Reducing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress through Diet and Nutrition: Considerations during the COVID-19 Crisis

Strengthening the Immune System and Reducing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress through Diet and Nutrition: Considerations during the COVID-19 Crisis

Pediatric nasal epithelial cells are less permissive to SARS-CoV-2 replication compared to adult cells

COVID-19 and Fast Foods Consumption: a Review

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