A high-efficiency zirconium-based single-atom catalyst for the transformation of biomass-derived 5 hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan with nearly 100% selectivity

Abstract

Zirconium-organic coordination catalysts (ZOCCs), possessing abundant zirconium-oxygen active species (Zr-Ox), have been widely employed for the transformation of biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF) via the transfer hydrogenation (TH). However,...

Single-iron, cobalt, nickel, and copper-atom catalysts for the selective reduction of oxygen to H2O2

“…single atom catalysts (SACs) have gained remarkable attention in the heterogeneous catalysis field due to their 100% atom efficiency, tunable electronic structure, and unsaturated coordination environments. 17,[22][23][24][25] In principle, benefiting from the atomically dispersed metal sites of SACs, the adsorption of O 2 on SACs usually takes an end-on type rather than a side-on type, thus preventing O-O bond cleavage. 13,26 In particular, SACs with M-N-C moieties have attracted significant attention due to the excellent catalytic activity and selectivity for the ORR.…”

Zr Oxo Cluster for Cascade Conversion of Furfural to Alkyl Levulinates

“…Firstly, the effects of HDs on the conversion of FAL to AL over ZrO‐SO 3 H were investigated at 180 °C for 8 h. As shown in Figure 5a, it can be seen that FAL conversion and BL yield could be strongly dependent on HDs, and highly relevant to the reduction potential and steric hindrance of HDs. The reduction potentials of alcohols (ΔH f °) were listed in Table S4, and the lower reduction potentials mean stronger hydrogen‐supplying abilities [39,41] . On the other hand, the steric hindrances were significantly associated with the accessibility and diffusion abilities of HDs on catalytically active sites on the catalyst surface [39,41] .…”

“…The reduction potentials of alcohols (ΔH f °) were listed in Table S4, and the lower reduction potentials mean stronger hydrogen-supplying abilities. [39,41] On the other hand, the steric hindrances were significantly associated with the accessibility and diffusion abilities of HDs on catalytically active sites on the catalyst surface. [39,41] As the primary alcohols (methanol, ethanol, and npropanol) were used as solvents, the corresponding yields of AL were only 3 %, 25 %, and 24 %, respectively, and the acetal reaction was more likely to occur dominantly in these solvents due to their poor hydrogen-donating ability.…”

Selective hydrogenation of lignocellulosic biomass over single-atom catalysts

“…Hu et al prepared the single-atom Zr/NC (0.58 wt% Zr loading) by pyrolyzing Zr-doped ZIF-8. 48 Combined experimental and calculation results suggest that the Zr–N 4 active sites could catalyze 5-HMF to BHMF with almost 100% conversion and selectivity in isopropanol at 130 °C and a satisfactory TOF of 124 h −1 . The negligible leaching of Zr was observed in ICP-OES.…”