A high efficiency ultrahigh vacuum compatible flat field spectrometer for extreme ultraviolet wavelengths

Abstract

A custom, flat field, extreme ultraviolet EUV spectrometer built specifically for use with low power light sources that operate under ultrahigh vacuum conditions is reported. The spectral range of the spectrometer extends from 4 nm to 40 nm. The instrument optimizes the light gathering power and signal to noise ratio while achieving good resolution. A detailed description of the spectrometer and design considerations are presented, as well as a novel procedure that could be used to obtain a synthetic wavelength calibration with the aid of only a single known spectral feature. This synthetic wavelength calibration is compared to a standard wavelength calibration obtained from previously reported spectral lines of Xe, Ar and Ne ions recorded with this spectrometer.2

Spectra of W39+–W47+in the 12–20 nm region observed with an EBIT light source

“…This work is an extension to longer wavelengths of our recent study [3] of the x-ray spectra of W. The present spectra were observed in the (4-20) nm region with the grazing incidence spectrometer [4]. As the (4-8.5) nm spectrum of tungsten was well covered in a recent report from EBIT-II at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [5], we concentrate primarily on the spectra in the longer wavelength region.…”

“…It is described thoroughly in a separate report [4]. Briefly, it consists of a spherical focusing mirror, a bilateral entrance slit, a gold-coated concave grating, and a liquid-nitrogen-cooled detector.…”

Identification and Plasma Diagnostics Study of Extreme Ultraviolet Transitions in Highly Charged Yttrium

“…The NIST EBIT and a multi-cathode metal vapor vacuum arc ion source (MEVVA) were used to produce highly charged yttrium ions, and the ion spectra were recorded with a custom-made EUV flat field grazing incidence spectrometer [60]. Both the MEVVA and the NIST EBIT are discussed in detail elsewhere [51,61], but we will now briefly review the most important details.…”

“…The flat field EUV grazing incidence spectrometer [60] is equipped with a liquid-nitrogen-cooled charged-coupled device (CCD) detector with 2048 × 512 active pixels of 13.5 µm × 13.5 µm size each. The spectrometer consists of a gold-coated spherical focusing mirror that focuses light radiated from the EBIT plasma onto a slit, followed by a gold-coated concave reflection grating with a groove spacing of approximately 1200 lines mm −1 .…”

AnisotropicLMNdielectronic resonances from ratios of magnetic-dipole lines

“…The EUV spectra from tungsten ions were recorded with a flat-field grazing-incidence spectrometer that has been described elsewhere [30]. A gold-coated concave grating with variable spaced grooves was used in combination with a liquid-nitrogen-cooled back-illuminated charge-coupled device (CCD) array having a matrix of 2048 × 512 pixels.…”