A high-capacity 1,2:3,4-dibenzophenazine anode integrated into carbon felt for an aqueous organic flow battery in alkaline media

Abstract

Aqueous flow batteries (AFBs) that utilize inorganic or organic redox-active species dissolved in aqueous electrolyte to store electric energy attract a great deal of attention in large-scale energy-storage applications because...

Recent advances and perspectives of practical modifications of vanadium redox flow battery electrodes

“…The early modification methods of electrode materials were mainly acid and heat treatments. [37][38][39][40][41] Common modification methods such as electrospinning and soaking are also applied to VRFBs. 42,43 The ongoing research on modified electrodes for VRFBs is driven by the above challenges, with a significant focus on discovering new materials and their synthesis for incorporation into electrodes (Fig.…”

Redox: Organic Robust Radicals and Their Polymers for Energy Conversion/Storage Devices

“…Aromatic heterocycles and conjugated polymers can also be classified as Class I-a in Figure because their radical cations are often persistent or robust. Phenothiazine, − phenazine, − phenoxathiin, phenoxazine, thianthrene, − carbazole, , and related heterocycles − offer bistable redox reactions and have attracted attention as organic electrode active materials. The radical cations can also sometimes be isolated .…”